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Transformational concepts in window electrode design for emerging thin film photovoltaics

新兴薄膜光伏电池窗口电极设计的变革概念

基本信息

批准号：
EP/N009096/1
负责人：
Ross Hatton
金额：
$ 146.66万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FN009096%2F1
关键词：
Transformational concepts window electrode design

项目摘要

Photovoltaic (PV) devices convert sunlight directly into electricity and form an increasingly important part of the global renewable energy landscape. Today's PVs are based on conventional semiconductors which are energy-intensive to produce and restricted to rigid flat plate designs. The next generation of PVs will be based on very thin films of semiconductors that can be processed from solution at low temperature, which opens the door to exceptionally low cost manufacturing processes and new application areas not available to today's rigid flat plate PVs, particularly in the areas of transportation and buildings integration. The emerging generation of thin film PVs also offer exceptional carbon dioxide mitigation potential because they are expected to return the energy used in their fabrication within weeks of installation. However, this potential can only be achieved if the electrode that allows light into these devices is low cost and flexible, and at present no electrode technology meets both the cost constraint and technical specifications needed. This proposal seeks to address this complex and inherently interdisciplinary challenge using three new and distinct approaches based on the use of nano-structured films of metal less than 100 metal atoms in thickness. The first approach focuses on the development of a low cost, large area method for the fabrication of metal film electrodes with a dense array of holes through which light can pass unhindered. The second approach seeks to determine design rules for a new type of 'light-catching' electrode that interacts strongly with the incoming light, trapping and concentrating it at the interface with the semiconductor layer inside the device responsible for converting the light into electricity. The final approach is based on combining ultra-thin metal films with ultra-thin films of transparent semiconductor materials to achieve double layer electrodes with exceptional properties resulting from spontaneous intermixing of the two thin solid films. The UK is a global leader in the development of next generation PVs with a growing number of companies now focused on bringing them to market, and so the outputs of the proposed programme of research has strong potential to directly increase the economic competitiveness of the UK in this young sector and would help to address the now time critical challenge of climate change due to global warming.

光伏（PV）设备将阳光直接转化为电能，并成为全球可再生能源领域日益重要的一部分。今天的光伏是基于传统的半导体，这是能源密集型的生产和限制刚性平板设计。下一代PV将基于非常薄的半导体薄膜，可以在低温下从溶液中加工，这为当今刚性平板PV无法实现的极低成本制造工艺和新应用领域打开了大门，特别是在运输和建筑集成领域。新一代的薄膜PV还具有非凡的二氧化碳减排潜力，因为它们预计将在安装后的几周内返回制造过程中使用的能源。然而，只有当允许光进入这些设备的电极是低成本和柔性的时，才能实现这种潜力，并且目前没有电极技术满足所需的成本约束和技术规格。该提案旨在解决这一复杂的和固有的跨学科的挑战，使用三种新的和不同的方法，基于使用厚度小于100个金属原子的纳米结构的金属膜。第一种方法的重点是开发一种低成本，大面积的方法，用于制造金属膜电极与密集阵列的孔，光可以通过不受阻碍。第二种方法试图确定一种新型“捕光”电极的设计规则，这种电极与入射光强烈相互作用，将其捕获并集中在器件内部负责将光转换为电的半导体层的界面处。最后一种方法是基于将超薄金属膜与透明半导体材料的超薄膜相结合，以实现具有由两个薄固体膜的自发混合产生的特殊性质的双层电极。英国是下一代PV开发的全球领导者，越来越多的公司现在专注于将其推向市场，因此拟议研究计划的产出具有直接提高英国在这个年轻行业的经济竞争力的强大潜力，并将有助于解决由于全球变暖而导致的气候变化的严峻挑战。