Integrated Microwave Amplifiers for Electrosurgical Applications

用于电外科应用的集成微波放大器

• 批准号: EP/N019628/1
• 负责人: Christopher Duff
• 金额: $ 12.65万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FN019628%2F1
• 关键词: Integrated; Microwave; Amplifiers; Electrosurgical; Applications

Modern surgical techniques, while extremely successful in curing life threatening diseases, can involve large volumes of tissue removal and possibly blood loss, with impacts upon recovery times, risk of infection and, in the longer term, quality of life. Radio frequency and microwave energy can be and is used in surgical systems to treat a vast range of medical conditions, such as benign and cancerous lesions, heart, liver and eye conditions and obesity (microwave assisted liposuction), with beneficial effects including tissue removal, heating, blood clotting and drying. Cancers of the lung, bowel, breast and prostate accounted for almost half (46%) of all cancer deaths in the UK in 2012 and more than 1 in 3 people will be diagnosed with some form of cancer during their lifetime. However, many clinical applications currently remain unrealised, prohibited by technology that addresses the requirements for power generation and application to the treatment site in a separate manner, greatly limiting overall functionality. Existing systems have proven the capabilities of microwaves; now is the time to realise their full potential in surgery.Accordingly, the proposed research is targeted towards optimising surgery to achieve high precision, minimally invasive surgery using targeted, non-ionising microwave and mm-wave energy. Revolutionising treatments for cancer and other diseases, efficacy will ultimately be improved and the side effects or disruption encountered with existing radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery reduced. Performed via an antenna, or applicator, keyhole laparoscopic or endoscopic surgery can be performed with minimal risk to the patient. However, the microwave power source is currently over specified to overcome system losses to the treatment site inside the body. Less than 25% of the applied microwave energy reaches the treatment site; the rest wastefully and potentially dangerously dissipated in the cable as heat over traversed regions of the body not targeted for treatment. The opportunity exists to greatly reduce the cost and size of the source.With the advent of high power density microwave semiconductor devices, clinical effects are achievable much more effectively and efficiently by transforming the system architecture and housing the microwave power source at the point of demand - inside the treatment applicator. Low cost commercial devices are capable of providing the required power levels, with chip dimensions of 0.85 x 1.1 mm to provide an incredibly compact solution. In collaboration with the Christie and Creo Medical, microwave developments will target technology that has undergone preclinical studies for bowel conditions. Applicator integration will deliver an operational concept demonstrator for representative tissue model testing. Manufacturing challenges must be solved to integrate the electronics together with complex antenna structures and future manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing, will be exploited to produce cost effective applicators. The project will enable a clinically driven trajectory of microwave system developments towards compact applicators that will enable confirmation of diagnosis, energy dose calculation, highly controlled and targeted treatment, efficacy assessment and safe exit to prevent seeding, all in a single minimally invasive intervention procedure. It is envisaged that a range of clinical procedures could be enabled in an outpatient environment or within the patient's home that would otherwise have occurred within an operating theatre.

现代外科技术虽然在治疗危及生命的疾病方面非常成功，但可能涉及大量组织切除和可能的失血，影响恢复时间，感染风险，以及长期生活质量。射频和微波能量可以并且已经用于手术系统中以治疗广泛的医学病症，诸如良性和癌性病变、心脏、肝脏和眼睛病症以及肥胖症（微波辅助吸脂术），具有包括组织去除、加热、血液凝固和干燥的有益效果。2012年，肺癌、肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌占英国所有癌症死亡人数的近一半（46%），超过三分之一的人将在一生中被诊断出患有某种形式的癌症。然而，许多临床应用目前仍未实现，被以单独的方式解决发电和应用于治疗部位的要求的技术所禁止，极大地限制了整体功能。现有的系统已经证明了微波的能力;现在是充分发挥其在外科手术中的潜力的时候了。因此，拟议的研究旨在优化外科手术，使用靶向非电离微波和毫米波能量实现高精度，微创手术。癌症和其他疾病的革命性治疗，疗效最终将得到改善，现有放疗，化疗或手术遇到的副作用或中断将减少。通过天线或施源器进行，可以在对患者风险最小的情况下进行锁孔腹腔镜或内窥镜手术。然而，微波功率源目前被过度指定以克服到身体内的治疗部位的系统损耗。只有不到25%的微波能量到达治疗部位;其余的浪费和潜在的危险在电缆中消散，因为热量穿过身体的非治疗区域。随着高功率密度微波半导体器件的出现，通过改变系统架构并将微波功率源安装在治疗器内部，可以更有效地实现临床效果。低成本商用器件能够提供所需的功率水平，芯片尺寸为0.85 x 1.1 mm，提供了一个非常紧凑的解决方案。在与科视Christie和Creo Medical的合作中，微波发展将针对已经进行了肠道疾病临床前研究的技术。施用器集成将为代表性组织模型测试提供操作概念演示器。必须解决制造挑战，将电子器件与复杂的天线结构集成在一起，未来的制造技术，如3D打印，将被用来生产具有成本效益的应用程序。该项目将使微波系统发展的临床驱动轨迹朝着紧凑型施源器发展，这将使诊断确认，能量剂量计算，高度控制和有针对性的治疗，疗效评估和安全退出，以防止播种，所有这些都在一个单一的微创干预程序中。可以设想，可以在门诊环境中或在患者家中实现一系列临床程序，否则这些程序将在手术室内发生。