MODULATION OF BARORECEPTOR REFLEXES

压力感受器反射的调节

• 批准号: 3485830
• 负责人: ALLYN L. MARK
• 金额: $ 12.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-12-01 至 1992-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3485830
• 关键词: afferent nerve; angiography; baroreceptors; beta antiadrenergic agent; cardiovascular pharmacology; exercise; heart rate; human subject; hypertension; hypotension; opiate alkaloid; plethysmography; spinal reflex; stress; sympathetic nervous system; vascular resistance

ABSTRACT: This is an application for extension of a MERIT Award. A major goal of our laboratory during this grant period has been to use microneurography to advance understanding of factors that modulate reflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in humans. Several new concepts have emerged from this research: 1) sustained stimulation of arterial baroreceptors is followed by an extended period of inhibition of MSNA in humans; 2) aortic and atrial baroreceptors contribute importantly to regulation of MSNA in humans; 3) impulses originating in muscle afferents in the leg produced different MSNA responses than impulses originating in muscle afferents in the arm; 4) beta adrenergic mechanisms facilitate increases in MSNA responses during mental stress; 5) endogenous opioids modulate cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of MSN; and 6) endurance exercise training desensitizes the muscle metaboreflex to muscle acidosis. Studies are now planned to extend this work in each of the five original areas of investigation. First, we plan to determine if the phenomenon of prolonged inhibition of MSNA by arterial baroreceptors is attenuated in hypertensive humans and if it is prevented by administration of naloxone. Second, we plan to determine if atrial cardiac baroreflex control of MSNA is impaired in patients with cardiac hypertrophy and specifically atrial disease. Third, we plan systematic studies of simultaneous recordings of arm and leg MSNA during arm and leg exercise and post-exercise circulatory arrest to test the novel concept that afferent impulses originating in leg muscles versus arm muscles trigger substantially different patterns of autonomic adjustments including MSNA responses. Fourth, we plan to determine if the phenomenon of acute beta-1 receptor antagonists modulating MSNA responses to mental stress is also observed with chronic oral administration of beta receptor antagonists and if this phenomenon is specific for antagonists which readily cross the blood brain barrier. We also plan to determine if endogenous opioid blockade with naloxone augments MSNA responses to mental stress. Fifth, studies are planned to determine if two arm endurance exercise training blunts the MSNA responses to arm cycling. These studies which will employ the same general experimental approaches and methods in the original application should further advance our understanding of the factors which modulate MSNA in humans.

摘要：这是一份申请延长优异奖的申请书。一个 我们实验室在这一资助期间的主要目标是使用 显微神经造影术促进对调节反射因素的了解 人类肌肉交感神经活动(MSNA)的控制。几个 这项研究提出了新的概念：1)持续刺激 动脉压力感受器紧随其后的是一段延长的抑制期 2)主动脉和心房压力感受器参与 对人类MSNA的调节很重要；3)起源于 腿部肌肉传入产生的MSNA反应与 起源于手臂肌肉传入的冲动；4)β肾上腺素能 心理应激时MSNA反应增强的机制； 5)内源性阿片类药物对MSN的心肺压力感受性反射的调节作用； 6)耐力训练使肌肉代谢反射变得不敏感 肌肉酸中毒。 现在计划将这项工作扩展到五个原始版本中的每一个 调查的领域。首先，我们计划确定这种现象是否 动脉压力感受器对MSNA的长期抑制作用减弱 在高血压患者中，如果通过给药来预防 纳洛酮。第二，我们计划确定心房性压力感受器反射 心肌肥厚和高血压患者的MSNA控制受损 尤其是心房疾病。第三，我们计划进行系统的研究 臂部和腿部运动时臂部和腿部MSNA的同时记录 和运动后循环骤停来测试新概念 源于腿部肌肉和手臂肌肉的传入冲动触发 完全不同的自主调节模式，包括MSNA 回应。第四，我们计划确定急性肺炎的现象是否 调节MSNA对心理应激反应的β-1受体拮抗剂 长期口服β受体也可以观察到这种情况 如果这种现象是拮抗剂所特有的 容易跨越血脑屏障。我们还计划确定是否 内源性阿片受体阻滞剂纳洛酮增强MSNA反应 精神压力。第五，计划进行研究以确定两个ARM 耐力运动训练削弱了MSNA对手臂自行车的反应。 这些研究将采用相同的一般实验方法 和原始应用程序中的方法应该进一步推进我们的 对调节人类MSNA的因素的了解。