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Mechanochemistry in Lubrication

润滑中的机械化学

基本信息

批准号：
EP/P030211/1
负责人：
Hugh Spikes
金额：
$ 73.76万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FP030211%2F1
关键词：
Mechanochemistry Lubrication

项目摘要

Improvements in lubricant technology are needed to reduce friction in machines and thus save energy and control global warming. Lubricants consist of a mineral or synthetic oil in which are dissolved up to ten or so chemical additives. The most important of these additives are friction and wear-reducing agents. These react with rubbing metal surfaces to form thin protective films that, as their names suggest, give low friction and wear. These films form only when surfaces rub together so they are often called "tribofilms".Until recently we had very little idea of what caused tribofilms to form - was it the high temperature or pressure in rubbing contacts, or the metals becoming activated in some way by rubbing? This ignorance made it almost impossible to design additives except by trial and error or to build models their behaviour. However earlier this year it was shown conclusively that the most widely-used antiwear additive reacts in rubbing contacts because of the high shear forces present. These forces stretch the bonds in the molecules until they break, which leads to chemical reaction to form a tribofilm. This concept, of applied forces driving chemical reactions, is quite well known in modern chemistry and is called mechanochemistry. But this is the first time it has been shown indubitably to control tribofilm formation in the field of lubrication. It is very important insight since it points the way to us being able to predict how particular additive molecular structures will behave in rubbing contacts and thus design better additives to give lower friction and less wear.The current project will explore the full significance of mechanochemistry to lubricant design and use. It will test which types of lubricant additive reaction are driven by shear forces and develop quantitative relations between reaction rate, applied shear force and temperature so as to enable modelling to proceed. It will look at a range of model antiwear additives with different but related structures to identify which bonds break to precipitate tribofilm formation - thereby enabling molecular structure to be optimised. It will also follow the reaction sequence that results from initial bond breaking to tribofilm formation by looking into rubbing contacts (with one transparent surface transparent) using chemical spectroscopy. All of this will be done in specially-designed test equipment that is able to reach the very high contact shear forces normally present in solid-solid rubbing contact conditions and that drive the chemical reactions involved.The overall goal is to understand, for the first time and through the use of advanced experimental and modelling techniques, how lubricant additives react in rubbing contacts to form low friction and low wear films, and so to enable new and more energy-saving lubricants to be designed in future.

需要改进润滑剂技术以减少机器中的摩擦，从而节省能源并控制全球变暖。润滑油由矿物油或合成油组成，其中溶解了多达十种左右的化学添加剂。这些添加剂中最重要的是摩擦和磨损减少剂。它们与摩擦的金属表面反应，形成薄的保护膜，正如它们的名字所暗示的那样，摩擦和磨损小。这些膜只有在表面摩擦时才会形成，所以它们通常被称为“摩擦膜”。直到最近，我们对摩擦膜的形成原因知之甚少-是摩擦接触时的高温或高压，还是金属通过摩擦以某种方式被活化？这种无知使得几乎不可能设计添加剂，除非通过试验和错误或建立模型的行为。然而，今年早些时候，最广泛使用的抗磨添加剂由于存在高剪切力而在摩擦接触中发生反应。这些力拉伸分子中的键，直到它们断裂，这导致化学反应形成摩擦膜。这种由外力驱动化学反应的概念在现代化学中是非常有名的，被称为机械化学。但这是第一次它已被证明无疑地控制摩擦膜的形成在润滑领域。这是非常重要的洞察力，因为它指出了我们能够预测特定添加剂分子结构在摩擦接触中的行为，从而设计更好的添加剂，以降低摩擦和减少磨损。它将测试哪种类型的润滑剂添加剂反应是由剪切力驱动的，并建立反应速率、施加的剪切力和温度之间的定量关系，以便能够进行建模。它将研究一系列具有不同但相关结构的模型抗磨添加剂，以确定哪些键断裂以沉淀摩擦膜的形成-从而使分子结构得到优化。它还将遵循从初始键断裂到摩擦膜形成的反应顺序，通过使用化学光谱法观察摩擦接触（其中一个透明表面是透明的）。所有这些都将在专门设计的测试设备中完成，该设备能够达到固-固摩擦接触条件下通常存在的非常高的接触剪切力，并驱动所涉及的化学反应。总体目标是通过使用先进的实验和建模技术，首次了解润滑剂添加剂如何在摩擦接触中反应以形成低摩擦和低磨损膜，从而能够在将来设计新的和更节能的润滑剂。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Advanced modelling of lubricated interfaces in general curvilinear grids

一般曲线网格中润滑界面的高级建模

DOI：
10.1016/j.triboint.2023.108727
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Tribology International
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Ardah S
通讯作者：
Ardah S

Interactions of Ethanol with Friction Modifiers in Model Engine Lubricants

DOI：
10.3390/lubricants7110101
发表时间：
2019-11
期刊：
Lubricants
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
H. Costa;H. Spikes
通讯作者：
H. Costa;H. Spikes

Use of FIB to Study ZDDP Tribofilms

DOI：
10.1007/s11249-018-1114-y
发表时间：
2018-12-01
期刊：
TRIBOLOGY LETTERS
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Dawczyk, Joanna;Ware, Ecaterina;Spikes, Hugh
通讯作者：
Spikes, Hugh

Atomic-Scale Insights into the Tribochemical Wear of Diamond on Quartz Surfaces

DOI：
10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.158152
发表时间：
2023-08
期刊：
Applied Surface Science
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Jagjeevan S. Bhamra;James P. Ewen;Carlos Ayestarán Latorre;John A. R. Bomidi;Marc W. Bird;D. Dini
通讯作者：
Jagjeevan S. Bhamra;James P. Ewen;Carlos Ayestarán Latorre;John A. R. Bomidi;Marc W. Bird;D. Dini

An integrated finite volume framework for thermal elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication