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Biopolymer treatment for stabilisation of transport infrastructure slopes

用于稳定交通基础设施斜坡的生物聚合物处理

基本信息

批准号：
EP/R041903/1
负责人：
Paul Hughes
金额：
$ 27.81万
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FR041903%2F1
关键词：
Biopolymer treatment stabilisation transport infrastructure

项目摘要

Slope failures (landslides) cause significant disruption to our transport network. In 2015 143 failures like these were recorded on the rail network alone. In addition to causing frustrating delays these failures also cost a significant amount to repair. Failures usually occur during winter months as a result of high rainfall but this is just the end point of a process which may have been occurring for several years. Long exposure to the UK's changing weather causes the compacted clay soil which forms the embankments that our highways and railways are built upon to weaken over time. Very fine cracks develop as the soil is repeatedly dried out and then re-wetted by periods of dry and then wet weather. This effects the way water moves through the soil, the cracks allow water to get deep into the slope very quickly and large pressures can build up, pushing soil particles apart. Ordinarily, during hot dry weather the opposite happens. Water is taken out of the soil by the action of evaporation and transpiration of plants, this induces negative pressures which force soil particles together, strengthening the slope. These negative pressures build up during the summer and help keep the slopes stable during the winter. The capability of soils to generate these negative pressures is reduced by the formation of cracks. A combination of these factors can weaken the soil to such a point where one large rainfall event can cause a slope to de-stabilise. This project will develop a new way of strengthening soil slopes and preventing these types of failure from occurring. Biopolymers, naturally occurring polymers formed by the action of microorganisms, can be added to soil to improve its strength and reduce the potential for cracking. The biopolymers mix with water in the soil to form gels which bind with soil particles giving the soil greater strength and reducing permeability. Biopolymers are already utilised in cosmetics and food as thickening agents so they are relatively cheap. They also do not require significant amounts of energy to produce and therefore they are not associated with high carbon dioxide emissions like other potential soil binders (e.g. cement and lime). Whilst the potential of biopolymers has previously been identified they have not been applied to slope stability problems and the way they form bonds and fill soil pores has not been studied fully. This project will carry out a detailed investigation of how biopolymers interact with compacted soils and use the information gathered to develop a new binder suitable for use in the repair and maintenance of highway and railway embankments.

斜坡崩塌（山泥倾泻）对我们的交通网络造成严重破坏。2015年，仅铁路网就记录了143起此类故障。除了造成令人沮丧的延误，这些故障还需要花费大量的维修费用。故障通常发生在冬季的几个月里，由于降雨量大，但这只是一个过程的终点，这个过程可能已经发生了好几年。长期暴露于英国不断变化的天气导致压实的粘土，形成了我们的高速公路和铁路建设的基础，随着时间的推移而减弱。当土壤反复干燥，然后又被干燥和潮湿的天气重新湿润时，就会产生非常细小的裂缝。这会影响水在土壤中的流动方式，裂缝会让水很快深入斜坡，巨大的压力会积聚起来，将土壤颗粒推开。通常，在炎热干燥的天气里，情况正好相反。水分通过植物的蒸发和蒸腾作用从土壤中取出，这引起负压，迫使土壤颗粒聚集在一起，加固边坡。这些负压力在夏季积累，并有助于在冬季保持斜坡稳定。裂缝的形成降低了土壤产生这些负压的能力。这些因素的结合可能会使土壤变弱，以至于一次大降雨事件可能导致斜坡失稳。该项目将开发一种新的方法来加固土质边坡并防止这些类型的破坏发生。生物聚合物是由微生物作用形成的天然聚合物，可以添加到土壤中以提高其强度并降低开裂的可能性。生物聚合物与土壤中的水混合形成凝胶，凝胶与土壤颗粒结合，使土壤具有更大的强度并降低渗透性。生物聚合物已经在化妆品和食品中用作增稠剂，因此它们相对便宜。它们也不需要大量的能源来生产，因此它们不像其他潜在的土壤粘合剂（例如水泥和石灰）那样与高二氧化碳排放有关。虽然以前已经确定了生物聚合物的潜力，但它们尚未应用于边坡稳定性问题，并且它们形成结合和填充土壤孔隙的方式尚未得到充分研究。该项目将对生物聚合物如何与压实土壤相互作用进行详细调查，并利用收集的信息开发适用于公路和铁路路基维修和维护的新粘合剂。