High Performance and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays

基于垂直排列碳纳米管阵列的高性能稳定钙钛矿太阳能电池

• 批准号: EP/R043272/1
• 负责人: Wei Zhang
• 金额: $ 24.38万
• 依托单位: University of Surrey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FR043272%2F1
• 关键词: Performance; Stable; Perovskite; Solar; Cells

Exploring clean and sustainable energy resources to meet the ever-increasing global energy demand becomes one of the biggest challenges in this century. This is due to the depletion of fossil fuels within the next 50 years and public concern on the environmental and climate change related to the consumption of fossil fuels. Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy resources, due to its wide availability and low environmental impact. Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells that can directly convert photons into electricity present an ideal solution to harvest solar energy. A recent forecast predicts that solar PVs will contribute nearly a third of newly installed electricity generation capacity worldwide between now and 2030. Although crystalline silicon solar cells still dominate the PV market due to high module efficiency and mature techniques, they are still less competitive in cost to the traditional energy resources, which calls for the development of novel PV technologies with the highest performance and the lowest cost. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new class of thin film solar cells based on earth-abundant materials and cheap deposition techniques. The unexpected boosting of device performance in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE) has rocketed up from an initial 3.8% to a certified 22.7% within a few years' research efforts, which is unprecedented in the history of PV technologies. Although PSCs are very promising to take a significant PV market share in the next few years, their commercialization is still hampered by the relatively poor material stability under ambient conditions. Moreover, the cost of solar power is determined not only by the PV modules themselves but also by the fixed costs of frames, inverters, installation and land, etc. Because the fixed costs are not reduced as fast as the cost of PV modules, the key route to continuously reduce the cost of solar powers is to enhance the absolute PCE of the PV modules, without overtly increasing their cost. In this proposal, we aim to provide a solution to these challenges of large-scale deployment of PSCs, by further pushing the PCE of state-of-the-art PSCs toward their theoretical limit, and simultaneously improving their long-term stability. Our methodologies largely rely on the combination of new materials and innovation of device structure. In particular, we will employ carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays and fullerenes as the charge collection layers in a new device structure termed as "vertical heterojunction". This "full carbon" based PSCs are expected to exhibit improved PCE and stability beyond the-state-of-the-art devices. This is because both CNT arrays and fullerenes are good charge carrier conductors, and vertically aligned CNT arrays will further enhance the charge collection efficiency due to the direct charge transport pathways toward the conductive substrates and much larger contact areas between perovskite and CNTs. Another important innovation of this project is that the carbon nanomaterials work simultaneously as the encapsulating materials that protect perovskite from moisture and heat, so as to improve the device long-term stability without increasing production cost. This study will provide new insights into the development of novel interfacial materials and device structures towards more efficient and stable PSCs for their future commercialisation. Whilst this proposal primarily responds to calls within the PSC community for detailed investigations on device efficiency and stability, it naturally supports the domestic research based on solution-processed thin film PVs in general, thereby helping to maintain the U.K.'s leading position in advanced solar cell concepts and technology development.

开发清洁、可持续的能源以满足日益增长的全球能源需求成为本世纪面临的最大挑战之一。这是由于化石燃料在未来50年内将耗尽，以及公众对与化石燃料消费有关的环境和气候变化的关注。太阳能是最重要的可再生能源之一，由于其广泛的可用性和低环境影响。光伏（PV）太阳能电池可以直接将光子转换为电能，是一种理想的太阳能采集解决方案。最近的一项预测预测，从现在到2030年，太阳能光伏发电将占全球新增发电容量的近三分之一。尽管晶体硅太阳能电池由于组件效率高和技术成熟而仍然主导着光伏市场，但它们在成本上与传统能源相比仍然缺乏竞争力，这要求开发具有最高性能和最低成本的新型光伏技术。超导太阳能电池（PSC）是一种新型的薄膜太阳能电池，它是基于地球上丰富的材料和廉价的沉积技术。在几年的研究工作中，功率转换效率（PCE）方面的器件性能意外提升，从最初的3.8%飙升至认证的22.7%，这在光伏技术历史上是前所未有的。尽管PSC在未来几年内很有希望占据重要的光伏市场份额，但其商业化仍然受到环境条件下相对较差的材料稳定性的阻碍。此外，太阳能发电的成本不仅取决于光伏组件本身，还取决于框架、逆变器、安装和土地等固定成本。由于固定成本的下降速度不如光伏组件成本的下降速度快，因此持续降低太阳能发电成本的关键途径是提高光伏组件的绝对PCE，而不明显增加其成本。在这项提案中，我们的目标是通过进一步推动最先进的PSC的PCE接近其理论极限，同时提高其长期稳定性，为大规模部署PSC的这些挑战提供解决方案。我们的方法在很大程度上依赖于新材料的组合和器件结构的创新。特别是，我们将采用碳纳米管（CNT）阵列和富勒烯作为电荷收集层在一个新的器件结构称为“垂直异质结”。这种基于“全碳”的PSC预计将表现出超过现有技术设备的改善的PCE和稳定性。这是因为CNT阵列和富勒烯都是良好的电荷载体导体，并且由于朝向导电基底的直接电荷传输路径以及钙钛矿和CNT之间的大得多的接触面积，垂直排列的CNT阵列将进一步增强电荷收集效率。该项目的另一个重要创新是，碳纳米材料同时作为封装材料，保护钙钛矿免受水分和热量的影响，从而在不增加生产成本的情况下提高器件的长期稳定性。这项研究将为新型界面材料和器件结构的开发提供新的见解，以实现更有效和更稳定的PSC，以实现其未来的商业化。虽然该提案主要是响应PSC社区对器件效率和稳定性进行详细研究的呼吁，但它自然支持基于溶液处理薄膜PV的国内研究，从而有助于保持英国的领先地位。在先进的太阳能电池概念和技术开发方面处于领先地位。

项目成果

Tailoring Perovskite Adjacent Interfaces by Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells

• DOI: 10.1002/solr.202000060
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 作者: Bowei Li;Yuren Xiang;K. Jayawardena;Deying Luo;J. Watts;S. Hinder;Hui Li;V. Ferguson;Haitian Lu

Direct Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes onto Transparent Conductive Oxide Glass for Enhanced Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells

• DOI: 10.1002/admi.202001121
• 发表时间: 2020-09-09
• 期刊: ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Ferguson, Victoria;Li, Bowei;Zhang, Wei
• 通讯作者: Zhang, Wei

A Highly integrated flexible photo-rechargeable system based on stable ultrahigh-rate quasi-solid-state zinc-ion micro-batteries and perovskite solar cells

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.06.043
• 发表时间: 2022-07-02
• 期刊: ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
• 影响因子: 20.4
• 作者: Bi, Jinxin;Zhang, Jing;Zhao, Yunlong
• 通讯作者: Zhao, Yunlong

Approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit for fill factors in lead-tin mixed perovskite photovoltaics

• DOI: 10.1039/c9ta10543c
• 发表时间: 2020-01-14
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
• 影响因子: 11.9
• 作者: Jayawardena, K. D. G. I.;Bandara, R. M. I.;Silva, S. R. P.
• 通讯作者: Silva, S. R. P.

Reduced bilateral recombination by functional molecular interface engineering for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105249
• 发表时间: 2020-12-01
• 期刊: NANO ENERGY
• 影响因子: 17.6
• 作者: Li, Bowei;Xiang, Yuren;Zhang, Wei
• 通讯作者: Zhang, Wei