Targeted waveform enhanced plasma microreactor: Engineering Chemistry at the Interface of Microbubbles

靶向波形增强等离子体微反应器：微泡界面的工程化学

• 批准号: EP/S031421/1
• 负责人: William Zimmerman
• 金额: $ 124.8万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FS031421%2F1
• 关键词: Targeted; waveform; enhanced; plasma; microreactor

One class of electrochemical reaction are reactions in the plasma state. The PI and his team have been pioneering plasma microreactors that feed directly into microbubbles for the last decade. With the output of the plasma reactor entering the microbubble directly, the maximum activation is retained in the bubble, which then mediates the formation of active species on the microbubble interface. Recently, this approach has been used to catalyse the esterification reaction of free fatty acids to form esters (particularly biodiesel). More than the effectiveness of the plasma activated microbubble reaction, microbubble processing is not limited by surface area of "electrode" in quite the same way. The grand aim of this proposal is to create heterogeneous catalysis capability by tuning the plasma activated species on the gas-liquid interface of microbubbles. Conventional electrochemistry has severe issues around upscaling. Plasma microreactors, particularly those that feed into liquid media as injected microbubbles, are a class of electrochemical reactors that can potentially upscale readily. Microbubbles can have hectares of gas-liquid interface per cubic metre of liquid reactant volume, so if the (plasma)electrochemical reaction can be catalysed on the gas-liquid interface, high throughput reaction rates can be achieved in large volume, continuous flow reactors. Already achieved in pilot plant studies of anaerobic digestion is a bubble surface area flux of 0.15 hectares/sec! If even a fraction of this surface area flux is effective at mediating plasma chemical transformations, the rate of transformation processes should far exceed conventional heterogeneous reactions.This project aims to optimise how the formation of plasma-activated species is coupled to the transient operation of the plasma electronics that create the excited species that eventually react at microbubble gas-liquid interfaces. Preliminary studies show that the composition of an excited air plasma, for instance, can dramatically change with the contacting time in the reactor and the electric field applied. They also suggest that how that electric field is applied in space and time dramatically affects the chemical composition of the plasma, and consequently what chemical reactions dominate the microbubble mediated gas-liquid chemistry. The purpose of this proposal is to characterise this coupling between the time-varying plasma electronics output, as implemented with tuneable electrical engineering design, and the induced chemistry of the plasma and microbubble mediated reaction. The characterisation will be captured in computer models that permit inversion; from the desired chemical outputs, the optimum plasma electronics design, control and operating mode ("the waveform") will be predicted. In the UK plasma chemistry research is vibrant but the work is mainly centred on nuclear science, capactively coupled plasmas with applications to surface treatment (i.e. EP/K018388/1) and medical applications. Globally, several research groups are investigating tailored waveform plasmas more generally but not with specific application to chemical generation on an industrial scale. The proposed closed-loop control of tailored waveform plasma microbubble reactors offers new possibilities to increase efficiency, throughput and scale-up. This, therefore, complements the contributions from these research groups (both national and international) and so will stimulate new research and commercial opportunities. By bringing together experts from the interface of chemical engineering, electrical engineering and mathematics who, together with some eight project partners providing £160k of support, can drive a blue-skies approach to targeted waveform control of plasma reactions (using novel chemical modelling and waveform generator design) while blazing a trail for industrial adaptation to a game-changing approach to chemical production.

一类电化学反应是等离子体状态下的反应。PI和他的团队在过去的十年里一直在开拓直接进入微泡的等离子体微反应器。随着等离子体反应器的输出直接进入微泡，最大活化保留在气泡中，然后介导活性物种在微泡界面上的形成。最近，该方法已被用于催化游离脂肪酸的酯化反应以形成酯（特别是生物柴油）。与等离子体活化微泡反应的有效性相比，微泡处理不以完全相同的方式受到“电极”的表面积的限制。该方案的主要目的是通过调节微泡气液界面上的等离子体活化物种来创造多相催化能力。传统的电化学在放大方面存在严重的问题。等离子体微反应器，特别是那些作为注入的微泡进料到液体介质中的等离子体微反应器，是一类可能容易扩大规模的电化学反应器。微泡可以具有每立方米液体反应物体积的数公顷的气-液界面，因此如果（等离子体）电化学反应可以在气-液界面上催化，则可以在大体积连续流动反应器中实现高通量反应速率。在厌氧消化的中试工厂研究中已经实现了0.15公顷/秒的气泡表面积通量！如果这个表面积通量的一小部分在介导等离子体化学转化中是有效的，那么转化过程的速率应该远远超过传统的非均相反应。该项目旨在优化等离子体活化物种的形成如何与等离子体电子器件的瞬态操作相耦合，这些电子器件产生最终在微泡气液界面反应的激发物种。初步研究表明，例如，激发的空气等离子体的组成可以随着反应器中的接触时间和所施加的电场而显著变化。他们还表明，电场在空间和时间中的作用方式会极大地影响等离子体的化学成分，从而影响微泡介导的气液化学反应。该建议的目的是为了消除随时间变化的等离子体电子输出之间的这种耦合，如可调电气工程设计所实现的，以及等离子体和微泡介导的反应的诱导化学。将在允许反演的计算机模型中捕获表征;根据所需的化学输出，将预测最佳等离子体电子设计、控制和操作模式（“波形”）。在英国等离子体化学研究是充满活力的，但工作主要集中在核科学，电容耦合等离子体与应用表面处理（即EP/K 018388/1）和医疗应用。在全球范围内，几个研究小组正在更广泛地研究定制波形等离子体，但没有具体应用于工业规模的化学生成。提出的闭环控制的定制波形等离子体微泡反应器提供了新的可能性，以提高效率，吞吐量和放大。因此，这补充了这些研究小组（国家和国际）的贡献，因此将刺激新的研究和商业机会。通过汇集来自化学工程，电气工程和数学接口的专家，他们与大约八个项目合作伙伴一起提供16万英镑的支持，可以推动一种蓝天方法来实现等离子体反应的有针对性的波形控制（使用新颖的化学建模和波形发生器设计），同时为工业适应化学生产的改变游戏规则的方法开辟道路。

项目成果

Fully-Integrated Transformer With Asymmetric Primary and Secondary Leakage Inductances for a Bidirectional Resonant Converter

• DOI: 10.1109/tia.2023.3252525
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Sajad A. Ansari;J. Davidson;M. Foster

Fully-Integrated Solid Shunt Planar Transformer for LLC Resonant Converters

适用于 LLC 谐振转换器的全集成固态并联平面变压器

• DOI: 10.1109/ojpel.2021.3137016
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Ansari S

Improving the Efficiency of High-Temperature Electrolysis of Carbon Dioxide in a Solid Oxide Cell

提高固体氧化物电池中二氧化碳高温电解的效率

• DOI: 10.1149/09101.2623ecst
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: ECS Transactions
• 作者: Call A

Optical density inferences in aqueous solution with embedded micro/nano bubbles: A reminder for the emerging green bubble cleantech

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126258
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: W. Fan;Pratik Desai;W. Zimmerman;Y. Duan;J. Crittenden;Chunliang Wang;M. Huo

Inserted-Shunt Integrated Planar Transformer With Low Secondary Leakage Inductance for LLC Resonant Converters

• DOI: 10.1109/tie.2022.3165259
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
• 影响因子: 7.7
• 作者: Sajad A. Ansari;J. Davidson;M. Foster