MOLECULAR FORCES IN CELLULAR ASSEMBLY

通过直接测量大分子之间或大分子之间的力 我们终于了解到这些相互作用是如何使 分子组装的形成。首先，我们发现 水合力或溶剂化力是最重要的相互作用 在最后几个纳米接近接触时遇到的，我们现在 系统地研究支配表面的分子特征 水合作用。水合力对相对较小的变化非常敏感。 在脂类极性基团或结合到 大分子表面。 在我们测量了伴随着分子无序的变化之后 分子相互作用的变化与分离，我们推导出了一个模型 在相邻分子的力场中的分子运动。那里有 最终在分子力和运动之间建立了联系。 在理论方面，我们也分析了离子的涨落。 发现由此产生的电荷起伏作用力，类似于 范德瓦尔斯力，创造出强大的吸引力，解释了 非极性表面之间令人费解的“远程疏水相互作用”。 早期关于这种相互作用的想法必须假设不太可能的微扰 从表面喷出数百埃的水溶剂。

By directly measuring the forces between large molecules or between membranes we are learning finally how these interactions allow the formation of molecular assemblies. Beginning with the discovery that hydration or solvation forces are the most important interactions encountered during the last few nanometers approaching contact, we are now systematically investigating the molecular features that govern surface hydration. Hydration forces are very sensitive to relatively small changes in composition of lipid polar groups or of small molecules bound to the macromolecular surface. Following our measurement of the change in molecular disorder accompanying changes in molecular interaction with separation, we have derived a model of molecular motion in the force field of neighboring molecules. There has finally been a connection established between molecular force and motion. On the theoretical side also, we have analyzed the fluctuations of ionic charge and found that the resulting charge fluctuation forces, analogous to van der Waals forces, create strong attractive forces that explain the puzzling "long range hydrophobic interaction" between non-polar surfaces. Earlier ideas about this interaction had to assume improbable perturbation of water solvent hundreds of Angstroms from the surface.