PHYSICS OF IONIC CHANNELS AND OTHER PROTEINS WITH AQUEOUS CAVITIES

膜通道蛋白似乎是通过使膜通道塌陷来“打开”和“关闭”的。 离子流过的水腔。这张照片，来自早些时候 线粒体和轴突蛋白的研究，现在已经看到通过渗透压 对α毒素蛋白的应激研究。 拓宽了我们对蛋白质的研究范围， 从表面对水溶剂的不同可及性， 测量了血红蛋白在氧摄取的变化， 降低了水的活性。这样，我们测量了 增加60至80个与血红蛋白相关的水分子， 装载氧气。 在过去的一年里，我们也开发了检测膜的仪器， 电“噪音”作为大规模活动的信息来源， 渠道的人群。

Membrane channel proteins appear to "open" and "close" by collapsing the aqueous cavity through which ions flow. That picture, derived from earlier studies on mitochondrial and axon proteins, has now been seen via osmotic stress studies on the alpha-toxin protein. Widening the purview of our investigation on proteins whose control derives from different accessibility of the surface to water solvent, we have measured a shift in the uptake of oxygen by hemoglobin when the molecule is subject to lowered activity of water. In this way we have measured an increase of 60 to 80 water molecules associated with hemoglobin when it loads oxygen. During the past year, too, we have developed apparatus to detect membrane electrical "noise" as a source of information on the activity of large populations of channels.