The aerodynamic interaction of platooning and overtaking vehicles

队列行驶和超车车辆的空气动力学相互作用

• 批准号: EP/V010689/1
• 负责人: David Soper
• 金额: $ 38.76万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV010689%2F1
• 关键词: aerodynamic; interaction; platooning; overtaking; vehicles

The development of innovative autonomous vehicles (AV) with increased efficiency and low carbon emissions is of interest to many different organisations across the world, at both political, commercial and research levels. Economically benefits are estimated to be worth £1.5 trillion by 2025. Recognising the potential, transportation authorities are already investing heavily in studies to exploit these innovative technologies through the development of 'platooning' methods, whereby a series of vehicles run in close formation, exploiting potential energy savings created through a reduction in drag, further enabling greater mobility. In the immediate future, it is likely the freight haulage industry will be the first users to introduce autonomous technologies on a network-wide scale. The UK road network provides the ideal test bed for developing these innovative technologies, due to the complexities of adopting such systems within a highly congested network, with traffic moving at variable speeds. Ensuring AVs and platooning methods are appropriate for challenging transport systems, such as that in the UK, will enable these systems to be adopted on an international scale more easily.To date, most AV research has focused on ensuring the technical possibilities for vehicles travelling in close formation through the implementation of autonomous guidance systems. These factors are however only one area of consideration when introducing new operational methods that involve complex vehicle interactions into an already a complex transport mode. Fundamental research undertaken at the University of Birmingham (UoB) (EP/N004213/1) has shown that aerodynamic forces will, in many cases, be the governing design parameter. There is a need to understand and correctly account for the highly turbulent aerodynamic flow created around platoons and unsteady forces leading to vehicle instabilities and dangerous conditions for other road users.This proposal is concerned with the technical area of vehicle aerodynamics associated with close running vehicles and the aerodynamic interactions with other vehicles and road users. In particular the following aspects will be investigated:-Overall stability of close formation vehicles (Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs)), particularly the interaction of unsteady aerodynamic flows between platooning vehicles and other road users.-The aerodynamic implications in terms of stability and overall drag for vehicles moving out of alignment with other vehicles in a platoon and the interaction of overtaking vehicles.-The aerodynamic interaction of a passing platoon of HGVs with other road users leading to potential stability and safety issues.The fundamental research questions will be addressed by novel approaches:-A fundamental physical modelling programme at the UoB moving model TRAIN rig facility. Detailed measurement of vehicle surface pressure (such that aerodynamic forces can be calculated) will determine the nature of the flow field and the aerodynamic interaction of vehicles. Multi-hole pressure probe measurements will investigate the unsteady flow to determine potential stability and safety implications as a platoon passes. -Development of an analytical framework, providing a method to help industry assess the magnitude of aerodynamic loads on roadside workers and other road users.The current study is seen as a necessary precursor to the introduction of AV technologies. In depth understanding of these practical issues underpins the safe, timely and cost effective implementation of these new technologies. This project will, for the first time, address these issues, developing an understanding of aerodynamic effects, not only for platooning vehicles but also other road users interacting with the platoon on public transport systems. The national importance of AVs forms an integral part of the Government strategic vision for transport and is of considerable importance to a variety of stakeholders.

在政治，商业和研究水平上，随着效率提高和碳排放率提高的创新自动驾驶汽车（AV）都引起了人们的关注。到2025年，从经济上的好处估计价值1.5万亿英镑。认识到潜力，运输机构已经在研究中大量投资，通过开发“排成一座”的方法来探索这些创新的技术，从而，一系列的车辆紧密地形成，通过减少阻力来实现更大的动力，从而利用潜在的能源节省，从而进一步增强了动力。在不久的将来，货运行业很可能是第一个在网络范围内引入自主技术的用户。英国道路网络为开发这些创新技术提供了理想的测试床，这是因为在高度拥挤的网络中采用此类系统的复杂性，流量以可变速度移动。确保AV和排成方法适合于挑战运输系统，例如在英国，将使这些系统更容易地采用这些系统。迄今为止，大多数AV研究重点是确保通过实施自动指南系统，通过实施紧密形成的车辆的技术可能性。但是，当引入涉及复杂车辆相互作用的新操作方法中时，这些因素只是一个考虑区域。伯明翰大学（UOB）进行的基础研究（EP/N004213/1）表明，在许多情况下，空气动力将是管理设计参数。有必要理解并正确地说明围绕排行管和不稳定力的高度动荡的空气动力流动，从而导致车辆不稳定性和其他道路使用者的危险条件。该提案与与近距离运行的车辆相关的车辆空气动力学领域以及与其他车辆和其他车辆和道路使用者相关的汽车空气动力学领域。特别是将研究以下方面： - 近距离近距离车辆（重型货车（HGV））的稳定性，尤其是在排车辆和其他道路使用者之间的不稳定空气动力流动之间的相互作用。-这是空气动力学的含义，在稳定性和整体上与其他车辆相处的车辆和平台相互隔断的车辆的整体拖动方面，这是驾驶汽车的互动。 HGV与其他道路使用者有关，导致潜在的稳定性和安全性问题。基本的研究问题将通过新颖的方法来解决：-UOB移动模型火车装备设施的基本物理建模计划。车辆表面压力的详细测量（可以计算空气动力）将确定流动场的性质和车辆的空气动力相互作用。多孔压力探测测量值将研究不稳定的流量，以确定潜在的稳定性和安全性作为排。 - 开发一个分析框架，提供了一种方法来帮助行业评估路边工人和其他道路使用者的空气动力学负载的大小。当前的研究被视为引入AV技术的必要先驱。深入了解这些实际问题的基础是这些新技术的安全，及时和有效的实施。该项目将首次解决这些问题，不仅是为了增加车辆的车辆，而且还与其他公共交通系统上的排相互作用的道路使用者发展了对空气动力学效应的理解。 AV的国家重要性构成了政府运输战略愿景的组成部分，并且对各种利益相关者非常重要。