The aerodynamic interaction of platooning and overtaking vehicles

队列行驶和超车车辆的空气动力学相互作用

• 批准号: EP/V010689/1
• 负责人: David Soper
• 金额: $ 38.76万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV010689%2F1
• 关键词: aerodynamic; interaction; platooning; overtaking; vehicles

The development of innovative autonomous vehicles (AV) with increased efficiency and low carbon emissions is of interest to many different organisations across the world, at both political, commercial and research levels. Economically benefits are estimated to be worth £1.5 trillion by 2025. Recognising the potential, transportation authorities are already investing heavily in studies to exploit these innovative technologies through the development of 'platooning' methods, whereby a series of vehicles run in close formation, exploiting potential energy savings created through a reduction in drag, further enabling greater mobility. In the immediate future, it is likely the freight haulage industry will be the first users to introduce autonomous technologies on a network-wide scale. The UK road network provides the ideal test bed for developing these innovative technologies, due to the complexities of adopting such systems within a highly congested network, with traffic moving at variable speeds. Ensuring AVs and platooning methods are appropriate for challenging transport systems, such as that in the UK, will enable these systems to be adopted on an international scale more easily.To date, most AV research has focused on ensuring the technical possibilities for vehicles travelling in close formation through the implementation of autonomous guidance systems. These factors are however only one area of consideration when introducing new operational methods that involve complex vehicle interactions into an already a complex transport mode. Fundamental research undertaken at the University of Birmingham (UoB) (EP/N004213/1) has shown that aerodynamic forces will, in many cases, be the governing design parameter. There is a need to understand and correctly account for the highly turbulent aerodynamic flow created around platoons and unsteady forces leading to vehicle instabilities and dangerous conditions for other road users.This proposal is concerned with the technical area of vehicle aerodynamics associated with close running vehicles and the aerodynamic interactions with other vehicles and road users. In particular the following aspects will be investigated:-Overall stability of close formation vehicles (Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs)), particularly the interaction of unsteady aerodynamic flows between platooning vehicles and other road users.-The aerodynamic implications in terms of stability and overall drag for vehicles moving out of alignment with other vehicles in a platoon and the interaction of overtaking vehicles.-The aerodynamic interaction of a passing platoon of HGVs with other road users leading to potential stability and safety issues.The fundamental research questions will be addressed by novel approaches:-A fundamental physical modelling programme at the UoB moving model TRAIN rig facility. Detailed measurement of vehicle surface pressure (such that aerodynamic forces can be calculated) will determine the nature of the flow field and the aerodynamic interaction of vehicles. Multi-hole pressure probe measurements will investigate the unsteady flow to determine potential stability and safety implications as a platoon passes. -Development of an analytical framework, providing a method to help industry assess the magnitude of aerodynamic loads on roadside workers and other road users.The current study is seen as a necessary precursor to the introduction of AV technologies. In depth understanding of these practical issues underpins the safe, timely and cost effective implementation of these new technologies. This project will, for the first time, address these issues, developing an understanding of aerodynamic effects, not only for platooning vehicles but also other road users interacting with the platoon on public transport systems. The national importance of AVs forms an integral part of the Government strategic vision for transport and is of considerable importance to a variety of stakeholders.

开发具有更高效率和低碳排放的创新自动驾驶汽车（AV）是世界各地许多不同组织的兴趣所在，无论是政治，商业还是研究层面。到2025年，经济效益估计为1.5万亿英镑。认识到这一潜力，交通部门已经投入巨资进行研究，通过开发“队列”方法来利用这些创新技术，即一系列车辆以紧密的队形行驶，通过减少阻力来利用潜在的节能效果，进一步提高机动性。在不久的将来，货运行业可能会成为第一批在网络范围内引入自动驾驶技术的用户。英国的道路网络为开发这些创新技术提供了理想的测试平台，因为在高度拥挤的网络中采用此类系统非常复杂，交通以不同的速度移动。确保无人驾驶汽车和队列行驶方法适用于具有挑战性的交通系统，例如英国的交通系统，将使这些系统更容易在国际范围内被采用。迄今为止，大多数无人驾驶汽车研究都集中在通过实施自主导航系统来确保车辆以紧密编队行驶的技术可能性。然而，这些因素只是在引入新的运营方法时考虑的一个方面，这些方法涉及复杂的车辆相互作用到已经复杂的运输模式中。伯明翰大学（UoB）（EP/N 004213/1）进行的基础研究表明，在许多情况下，气动力将是主要的设计参数。有必要理解并正确解释车队周围产生的高度湍流空气动力流和导致车辆不稳定和对其他道路使用者造成危险的不稳定力。本建议涉及与近距离行驶车辆相关的车辆空气动力学技术领域以及与其他车辆和道路使用者的空气动力学相互作用。特别是将研究以下方面：-密集编队车辆（重型货车（HGV））的整体稳定性，特别是队列车辆和其他道路使用者之间的非定常空气动力流的相互作用。在稳定性和整体阻力方面的空气动力学影响，车辆与队列中的其他车辆不对齐，以及超车车辆的相互作用。HGV与其他道路使用者之间的空气动力学相互作用导致潜在的稳定性和安全性问题。基础研究问题将通过新的方法解决：-UoB移动模型TRAIN钻机设施的基础物理建模计划。对飞行器表面压力的详细测量（以便计算空气动力）将确定流场的性质和飞行器的空气动力相互作用。多孔压力探头测量将调查非定常流，以确定车队通过时的潜在稳定性和安全影响。- 制定分析框架，提供一种方法，帮助工业界评估路边工人和其他道路使用者所承受的空气动力学载荷的大小。目前的研究被视为引进自动驾驶技术的必要前提。对这些实际问题的深入了解是安全、及时且经济高效地实施这些新技术的基础。该项目将首次解决这些问题，了解空气动力学效应，不仅对排队车辆，而且对与公共交通系统上的排队车辆互动的其他道路使用者。自动驾驶汽车在全国的重要性构成了政府交通战略愿景的一个组成部分，对各种利益攸关方都具有相当重要的意义。