Platform for Long-term Experimental Investigation of Alteration in Disposal Environments and Storage - PLEIADES

处置环境和储存改变的长期实验研究平台 - PLEIADES

• 批准号: EP/V035215/1
• 负责人: Claire Louise Corkhill
• 金额: $ 76.19万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV035215%2F1
• 关键词: Platform; Long; term; Experimental; Investigation

PLEIADES will establish essential research infrastructure to underpin the development of decommissioning, interim storage and disposal safety cases for radio-materials arising from legacy, new build and future nuclear fuel cycles. It will enable research in 3 key areas of government policy relating to nuclear energy:1. Geological disposal: The success of HM Government's nuclear decommissioning responsibilities and its future new build ambitions rests upon the successful implementation of policy to deliver a geological disposal facility (GDF) for radioactive waste. It is necessary to demonstrate that post-closure safety of a GDF will be maintained before it can be built. This requires an understanding of long-term corrosion rates and degradation mechanisms of waste, under GDF conditions, which PLEIADES will be uniquely placed to provide. 2. Reduce hazard of legacy nuclear sites: The risks and hazards of decommissioning the UK's nuclear legacy are the most challenging in the world. During decommissioning, radioactive wastes are converted into a form that can be safely stored for many decades. During storage, the waste materials should not change or degrade, however, there are many that are subject to corrosion. The equipment within PLEIADES will have the capability to determine the corrosion processes and rates of such radio-materials, informing safety cases for interim storage and subsequent decisions about future management practice.3. Accelerate nuclear decommissioning: It was recently announced that the preferred solution to deliver savings of 20% in the £120 billion cost of nuclear decommissioning to the UK taxpayer, by 2030, is the development of at least one Near Surface Disposal (NSD) facility. Disposal of waste in NSD could dramatically reduce decommissioning timescales. Pivotal to its success of this new approach is an appraisal of NSD safety, including models of radioactive waste degradation over the 100s of years of disposal. PLEIADES has the capability to address critical knowledge gaps in corrosion and radionuclide release rates from waste in such facilities and, therefore, to support accelerated implementation of NSD.PLEIADES will be a unique facility in the UK, enabling research that addresses key gaps in capability that were identified by the academic community and radioactive waste management industry: > Corrosion in sub-surface disposal conditions: Because radio-materials are highly sensitive to atmospheric conditions it is essential that sub-surface disposal environments are replicated in the laboratory. Only if the correct conditions are maintained during corrosion experiments will meaningful data be obtained. The PLEIADES equipment will enable such research on a wide range of radio-materials, for which is there is no current UK capability.> Long-term corrosion: A unique aspect of PLEIADES is the capability to establish long-term (decades) corrosion experiments under stable conditions representative of sub-surface environments, giving detailed insight to slow degradation processes. With less than 20y remaining until a GDF will be constructed, the establishment of long-term experiments is essential now, if we are to understand the science behind radioactive waste corrosion.> Corrosion within a radiation field: Corrosion processes of radio-materials can be significantly influenced by the effects of radiation. These effects are currently poorly understood because there is a paucity of facilities that enable their investigation. PLEIADES will constitute the only UK university facility with capability for analysing highly radioactive materials that create their own radiation field, and the PLEIADES equipment is compatible other user facilities that will enable corrosion experiments to be performed within an external radiation field.

PLEIADES将建立必要的研究基础设施，以支持遗留、新建和未来核燃料循环产生的放射性材料退役、临时储存和处置安全案例的发展。它将使研究在3个关键领域的政府政策有关核能：1。地质处置：英国政府核退役责任的成功及其未来的新建设雄心取决于成功实施为放射性废物提供地质处置设施（GDF）的政策。在建造GDF之前，有必要证明其关闭后的安全性。这需要了解GDF条件下废物的长期腐蚀速率和降解机制，PLEIADES将独特地提供这些。2.减少遗留核设施的危害：英国核遗留设施退役的风险和危害是世界上最具挑战性的。在退役过程中，放射性废物被转化为可以安全储存数十年的形式。在储存过程中，废料不应发生变化或降解，然而，有许多废料会受到腐蚀。PLEIADES内的设备将有能力确定此类放射性材料的腐蚀过程和速率，为临时储存的安全情况和随后关于未来管理实践的决定提供信息。加速核退役：最近宣布，到2030年，为英国纳税人节省1200亿英镑核退役成本的20%的首选解决方案是开发至少一个近地表处置（NSD）设施。在NSD中处理废物可以大大缩短退役时间。这种新方法的成功是对NSD安全性的评估，包括放射性废物在100多年的处置过程中降解的模型。PLEIADES有能力解决这些设施中废物的腐蚀和放射性核素释放率方面的关键知识差距，因此，支持加速实施NSD。PLEIADES将成为英国的一个独特设施，使研究能够解决学术界和放射性废物管理行业确定的关键能力差距：>地下处置条件下的腐蚀：由于放射性材料对大气条件高度敏感，因此必须在实验室中复制地下处置环境。只有在腐蚀实验过程中保持正确的条件，才能获得有意义的数据。PLEIADES设备将能够对广泛的放射性材料进行研究，这是目前英国没有能力的。长期腐蚀：PLEIADES的一个独特之处是能够在代表地下环境的稳定条件下建立长期（数十年）腐蚀实验，从而详细了解缓慢的降解过程。距离建造GDF还有不到20年的时间，如果我们要了解放射性废物腐蚀背后的科学，现在就必须建立长期实验。辐射场中的腐蚀：放射性材料的腐蚀过程会受到辐射效应的显著影响。目前对这些影响了解甚少，因为缺乏能够进行调查的设施。PLEIADES将是联合王国唯一有能力分析产生自身辐射场的高放射性材料的大学设施，PLEIADES设备与其他用户设施兼容，可在外部辐射场内进行腐蚀实验。

项目成果

Localised extended ("vermiform") features formed during glass dissolution

玻璃溶解过程中形成的局部扩展（“蠕虫状”）特征

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122230
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Mansfield J

Surface interfacial analysis of simulant high level nuclear waste glass dissolved in synthetic cement solutions

• DOI: 10.1038/s41529-022-00279-5
• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 期刊: npj Materials Degradation
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: C. Corkhill;Colleen Mann;Jeremy R. Eskelsen;D. Leonard;L. Mottram;M. Stennett;Jennifer M. S. Ayling;Clare L. Thorpe-;M. Cole;S. Nicholas;R. Tappero;E. Pierce

Characterisation of a Complex CaZr0.9Ce0.1Ti2O7 Glass-Ceramic Produced by Hot Isostatic Pressing

热等静压复合 CaZr0.9Ce0.1Ti2O7 微晶玻璃的表征

• DOI: 10.3390/ceramics5040074
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Ceramics
• 作者: Dixon Wilkins M

Investigating the mechanical behaviour of Fukushima MCCI using synchrotron Xray tomography and digital volume correlation

• DOI: 10.1038/s41529-022-00264-y
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: npj Materials Degradation
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: C. Paraskevoulakos;J. P. Forna-Kreutzer;K. Hallam;Christopher P. Jones;T. Scott;C. Gausse;Dong Liu;C. Reinhard;C. Corkhill;M. Mostafavi

Micro- and Nanoscale Surface Analysis of Late Iron Age Glass from Broborg, a Vitrified Swedish Hillfort

对瑞典 Hillfort 玻璃化工厂 Broborg 的铁器时代晚期玻璃进行微米和纳米级表面分析

• DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozac032
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Microscopy and Microanalysis
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Matthews B