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H2terascale - Improved oxygen evolution catalysis to enable terawatt scale hydrogen production

H2terascale - 改进的析氧催化可实现太瓦级氢气生产

基本信息

批准号：
EP/W033232/1
负责人：
Ifan Stephens
金额：
$ 32.2万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FW033232%2F1
关键词：
H2terascale Improved oxygen evolution catalysis

项目摘要

Hydrogen production, by splitting water, enables the conversion of renewable energy into a carbon free, energy-dense sustainable fuel. It is set to increase by at least a factor of 10 by 2050, and has the potential to play a crucial role in decarbonising transport, industry and heating. However, only 4% of hydrogen produced today is from renewable sources; it is mainly produced by steam reforming fossil fuels, producing copious amounts of CO2.Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers constitute the ideal means of splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen. They are highly amenable to coupling to renewable electricity sources, such as wind or solar, which are intermittent. Alternatively, PEM photoelectrolysers could allow the direct splitting of water by combining the functionality of a solar cell and an electrolyser in a single monolithic device. However, current PEM electrolyser and photoelectrolyser technologies are unsustainable: they require copious amounts of iridium-based oxides to catalyse oxygen evolution at the anode. Iridium is one of the scarcest elements; hence, if we are to scale up PEM electrolyser technology to a level where it will make a global impact, i.e. the terawatt level, we need to increase the catalytic activity (essentially the power stored per gram of iridium) by a factor of ~25. Moreover, iridium oxides slowly corrode during use, limiting the lifetime of PEM electrolysers. An alternative solution, could be to substitute iridium for more abundant elements; some non-precious metal oxides, such as those based on manganese exhibit some short lived activity spanning the course of a few hours, but still fall far short of the performance of iridium. Regardless of whether we use iridium based catalysts or non precious metal alternatives, they need to be more active and stable under the acidic conditions employed in PEM electrolysers to enable large scale hydrogen production. In H2terascale, we will address this challenge by establishing the fundamental factors controlling iridium and manganese oxide catalysts under oxygen evolution reaction conditions. We have brought together a transdisciplinary team, led by scientists at Imperial College and Swansea, with the support of (i) three UK companies, BP, Johnson Matthey and ITM Power (ii) an European company, HPNow (ii) the UK's National Physical Laboratory and (iii) an overseas institutions, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen Nürnberg.We will couple advanced operando spectroscopy techniques to benchmark performance tests of a large number of different catalyst materials produced using state of the art thin film deposition technology. We will elucidate the intricate relationship between catalyst structure, composition and functionality. We will establish the design rules for more active more stable catalysts, paving the way for terawatt scale hydrogen production.

氢气的生产，通过分解水，使可再生能源转化为无碳，能源密集的可持续燃料。到2050年，它将至少增加10倍，并有可能在运输、工业和供暖的脱碳方面发挥关键作用。然而，目前只有4%的氢气来自可再生能源；它主要是由蒸汽重整化石燃料产生的，产生大量的二氧化碳。质子交换膜（PEM）电解槽是将水分解为氧和氢的理想手段。它们非常适合与间歇性的风能或太阳能等可再生能源相结合。另外，PEM光电解器可以通过在单个单片设备中结合太阳能电池和电解器的功能来允许水的直接分解。然而，目前的PEM电解槽和光电解槽技术是不可持续的：它们需要大量的铱基氧化物来催化阳极的析氧。铱是最稀缺的元素之一；因此，如果我们要将PEM电解技术扩大到能够产生全球影响的水平，即太瓦水平，我们需要将催化活性（本质上是每克铱储存的功率）提高25倍。此外，氧化铱在使用过程中会慢慢腐蚀，从而限制PEM电解槽的使用寿命。另一种解决方案可能是用铱代替更丰富的元素；一些非贵重金属氧化物，如锰的氧化物，表现出一些短暂的活性，仅持续几个小时，但仍远不及铱的性能。无论我们是使用铱基催化剂还是非贵金属替代品，它们都需要在PEM电解槽中使用的酸性条件下更加活跃和稳定，以实现大规模制氢。在H2terascale中，我们将通过确定在析氧反应条件下控制铱和锰氧化物催化剂的基本因素来解决这一挑战。我们汇集了一个跨学科的团队，由帝国理工学院和斯旺西的科学家领导，在以下方面的支持下：(1)三家英国公司，BP， Johnson Matthey和ITM Power；(2)一家欧洲公司，HPNow(2)英国国家物理实验室；(3)一个海外机构，Helmholtz Institute Erlangen n<s:1> rnberg。我们将结合先进的operando光谱技术，对使用最先进的薄膜沉积技术生产的大量不同催化剂材料进行基准性能测试。我们将阐明催化剂的结构、组成和功能之间的复杂关系。我们将建立更活跃、更稳定的催化剂的设计规则，为太瓦规模的氢气生产铺平道路。