PROFUSE: Fusing brain and computational mechanisms of prosocial behaviour across health, development and disorder

亲社会行为——帮助他人的决定——是社会和个人福祉的基础。从气候变化到人口老龄化，今世后代面临着巨大的挑战，需要个人做出重大的个人牺牲来帮助他人和保持社会凝聚力。因此，了解亲社会行为背后的机制、它们的典型发展——从童年到青春期——以及它们是如何在大脑中实现的，是至关重要的。然而，目前的知识是支离破碎的。不同的研究领域研究了亲社会行为在大脑中被处理的位置（fMRI），这种处理发生的时间（MEG或EEG），亲社会行为是如何发展的，或者计算过程。现在是时候利用创新的计算工具，结束方法之间的分歧，将方法融合在一起，并统一它们的好处。ProFuse将大数据样本、机器学习、最先进的脑成像、重复脑刺激和计算方法与挖掘亲社会行为基本特征的创新实验相结合。使用最新的代表性相似多变量技术，这项工作将在数学上“融合”来自一种开创性的可穿戴形式的脑成像数据-光泵磁强计(OPM)-脑磁图(MEG) -与功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据，以测试亲社会计算在何时何地以及如何被神经处理。使用重复脑刺激（TMS），这些计算将在它们发生在前额皮质的确切位置中断。最后，ProFuse将使用OPM-MEG fMRI融合-精确适用于发育神经成像-揭示从童年到青春期的敏感时期亲社会行为的计算机制，并与成年期进行比较。最终，ProFuse将提供从童年到成年亲社会行为的革命性综合描述，并启发增加亲社会行为的策略。

Prosocial behaviours - decisions that help others - are fundamental for societal and individual well-being. From climate change to ageing populations, current and future generations face great challenges that require individuals to make significant personal sacrifices to help others and maintain social cohesion. It is therefore crucial to understand the mechanisms that underlie prosocial behaviour, their (a)typical development - from childhood to adolescence - and how they are implemented in the brain. Yet, current knowledge is fractured. Separate lines of work have examined where in the brain prosocial behaviour is processed (fMRI), when in time such processing occurs (MEG or EEG), how prosocial behaviours develop, or the computations. Now is the time to leverage innovative computational tools, end the fissures between approaches, fuse methods together, and unify their benefits. ProFuse will combine big-data samples, machine learning, beyond-state-of-the-art brain imaging, repetitive brain stimulation and computational methods with innovative experiments that tap fundamental features of prosocial behaviours. Using the latest representational similarity multivariate techniques, this work will mathematically 'fuse' data from a pioneering wearable form of brain imaging - optically pumped magnetometer (OPM)-magnetoencephalography (MEG) - with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, to test where, when and how prosocial computations are processed neurally. Using repetitive brain stimulation (TMS) these computations will be disrupted at the exact place they occur in prefrontal cortex. Finally, ProFuse will use OPM-MEG fMRI fusion - precisely suited for developmental neuroimaging - to uncover computational mechanisms of prosocial behaviour during the sensitive period from childhood to adolescence, and compared to adulthood.Ultimately, ProFuse will provide a revolutionary integrated account of prosocial behaviour spanning childhood to adulthood and enlighten strategies to increase prosocial behaviours.