SPIMEC: Sanctuary Policies for Irregular Migrants in European Cities

在边境关闭和限制性移民法的时代，许多欧洲城市制定了“庇护政策”，以支持越来越多的非正常移民身份的居民。通过特殊目的地，地方政府打破了民族国家对移民和公民身份的垄断，挑战了自由民主国家对治理的传统理解。欧洲城市非正规移民庇护政策的核心问题是解释欧洲特殊移民的种类、驱动因素和影响。SPIMEC将多个学科的见解联系起来，认为地方政府处于自下而上的政治动员和自上而下的制度限制的十字路口。这些不同的、往往相互矛盾的力量形成了特殊企业的机会和制约因素。SPIMEC依赖于三重比较研究设计，分析了（1）国家背景（西北，南欧和中东欧）的战略计划;（2）地方背景（城市政治和社会方面），以及（3）随着时间的推移（将“难民危机”，英国脱欧和COVID-19视为政策变化的潜在转折点）。一项定量的大N研究比较了欧洲95个最大的城市，利用现有的数据集和二手文献。接下来，一个定性定量的小N研究放大四个城市的情况下，根据原始的实地调查数据。SPIMEC旨在为移民研究做出及时，紧迫和开创性的贡献。它将产生关于欧洲SP的独特经验数据，以提供城市促进移民融合所需的信息，以及更广泛的城市政治和多层次治理的新理论见解。从实质性角度来看，弥补这一差距至关重要。SPIMEC将向支持非正常移民的利益相关者提供政策建议，在COVID-19大流行期间，非正常移民的排斥和隐形状况比以往任何时候都更加重要。

In times of closed borders and restrictive immigration laws, many European cities have enacted "sanctuary policies" (SPs) to support the growing number of residents with irregular migration status. Through SPs, local governments disrupt the monopoly of nationstates over immigration and citizenship, challenging conventional understandings of governance in liberal democracies. The core question of Sanctuary Policies for Irregular Migrants in European Cities (SPIMEC) is to explain the varieties, drivers, and impacts of SPs in Europe. Bridging insights from multiple disciplines, SPIMEC theorises that local governments are situated at the crossroad of political mobilisation from the bottom up and institutional restrictions from the top down. These different, often contradictory forces shape the opportunities and constraints for SPs. SPIMEC relies on a threefold comparative research design, analysing SPs across (1) national contexts (in North-West, South, and Central-East Europe); (2) local contexts (in terms of city politics and society), and (3) over time (looking at the "refugee crisis", Brexit, and COVID-19 as potential turning points for policy change). A quantitative Large-N study compares Europe's 95 largest cities, drawing on existing datasets and secondary literature. Next, a quali-quantitative Small-N study zooms in on four city-cases based on original fieldwork data. SPIMEC aims to make a timely, urgent, and path-breaking contribution to migration studies. It will produce unique empirical data on European SPs to provide the information cities need to promote migrant integration, as well as new theoretical insights on urban politics and multi-level governance more broadly. Addressing this gap is of utmost importance from a substantive point of view. SPIMEC shall provide policy recommendations to stakeholders supporting irregular migrants, whose condition of exclusion and invisibility is more relevant than ever amid the COVID-19 pandemic.