INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ON THE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

关于获得性免疫缺陷综合症的国际研究

• 批准号: 3746525
• 负责人: T C QUINN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3746525
• 关键词: AIDS; Africa; Brazil; Caribbean islands; HIV infections; India; communicable disease transmission; epidemiology; human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1; human immunodeficiency virus 1; human immunodeficiency virus 2; human pregnant subject; human subject; neutralizing antibody; pediatric AIDS; pregnancy; prostitution; secondary infection; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; virus classification

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global pandemic with over 14 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals worldwide. A major focus within our laboratory has been on defining the unique epidemiologic, clinical, virologic, and immunologic features of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in developing countries and in the U.S. In Pune, India, we established a prospective cohort of over 2,000 high-risk individuals attending STD clinics, of whom 25% were seropositive for HIV- 1. Over a 4-year time period, seroprevalence rose among commercial sex workers from 7.3% to 44%. Phylogenetic analysis of viral strains isolated from these individuals demonstrates both clade B and C strains with high-titer neutralizing antibody against clade B isolates. In Lagos, Nigeria, we documented a rising seroprevalence of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 among female prostitutes with a strong correlation with genital ulcer disease. Additional studies among STD patients in Baltimore demonstrated the low usage rate of condoms and a high rate of recidivism for STDs. There was a high incidence of HIV infection among these individuals. In perinatal studies of over 500 children born to HIV- infected women in Zaire, Haiti, Malawi, and the U.S., we documented a 28% perinatal transmission rate which correlated with depressed maternal CD4 and elevated CD8 lymphocyte counts, anemia, p24 antigenemia, chorioamnionitis, and funisitis. In addition, perinatal transmission appeared to correlate with elevated concentration of IgG-1 antibodies to the V3 loop in mothers, and with elevated levels of p24 antigen and secretory IgA to gp160 in cervical-vaginal secretions of transmitting mothers. Approximately 3% of infected children may have become infected postnatally from breastfeeding, and virologic studies demonstrated HIV DNA and p24 antigen in 50-70% of breast milk specimens within the first week following delivery. In studies of HTLV infection, we documented a 15.4% perinatal transmission rate of HTLV-1 with an increased risk of transmission in women co-infected with HIV-1. In a prospective study of HIV and HTLV co-infection in Brazil, we documented elevated CD4 lymphocytes, beta-2-microglobulin, and p24 antigen level among dually infected individuals. Further studies are planned to elucidate the immunologic modulations of HIV infection by co-infection with HTLV in these cohorts.

获得的免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）是全球大流行， 超过1400万人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的个体 全世界。 我们实验室中的主要重点是定义 独特的流行病学，临床，病毒学和免疫学特征 发展中国家和美国的HIV-1和HIV-2感染 印度浦那，我们建立了超过2,000多种高风险的预期队列 参加性病诊所的个人，其中有25％的人对HIV - 1。在4年的时间内，静脉阳性在商业性别中上升 工人从7.3％到44％。 病毒菌株的系统发育分析 与这些个体分离出来表明了进化枝B和C菌株 对进化枝B分离株进行了高尖抗中和抗体。 在 尼日利亚拉各斯，我们记录了HIV-1和 与生殖器有很强相关性的女性妓女中的HIV-2 溃疡病。 巴尔的摩的性病患者的其他研究 证明了避孕套的使用率较低和累犯率很高 对于性病。 这些艾滋病毒感染发生率很高 个人。 在对500多名艾滋病毒的儿童的围产期研究中 在扎伊尔，海地，马拉维和美国感染了妇女，我们记录了28％ 与抑郁母体CD4相关的围产期传播率 以及升高的CD8淋巴细胞计数，贫血，p24抗原血症， 绒毛膜炎和热炎。 另外，围产期传播 似乎与IgG-1抗体浓度升高相关 母亲的V3环，P24抗原水平升高和 分泌的IgA至gp160在传播的宫颈阴道分泌物中 母亲。 大约3％的感染儿童可能已被感染 母乳喂养和病毒学研究表现出HIV 第一个母乳标本中50-70％的DNA和P24抗原 交货后一周。 在HTLV感染的研究中，我们记录了 HTLV-1的围产期传播率为15.4％，风险增加 与HIV-1共感染的女性传播。 在一项前瞻性研究中 艾滋病毒和HTLV共同感染了巴西，我们记录了CD4的升高 双重淋巴细胞，β-2-微球蛋白和p24抗原水平 受感染的人。 计划进一步研究以阐明 通过与HTLV共同感染HIV感染的免疫学调节 这些队列。