ALCOHOL AND LACTATION--EFFECTS ON PROLACTIN RELEASE

本研究的广泛、长期目标是研究 酒精对哺乳期大鼠催乳素分泌的影响 母乳喂养是一种自然、健康的生理功能; 不幸的是，许多妇女无法哺乳或停止哺乳， 因为哺乳期的困难而提前。醇 消费可能有助于这些护理问题，因为超过 60%的美国女性饮酒。酒精对哺乳的影响 由于酒精对生殖的有害影响， 增长 控制泌乳的主要激素是催乳素。催乳素是 对分泌细胞和肌上皮细胞的分化至关重要， 在怀孕期间的乳腺，并启动和维持 哺乳期尽管一些研究人员已经报道了酒精对 催乳素在人类和动物中的作用， 哺乳期尚未得到充分研究。 这项提案的具体目的是研究酒精的影响 给药对催乳素分泌、释放机制和中枢 导管插入、泌乳大鼠中的作用部位。将给予大鼠 从哺乳期第5天到第12天，每天不同剂量的酒精，持续4小时。 血液中的酒精将保持在一个恒定的水平， 输液（相当于连续几天多次饮酒）。 的 慢性酒精暴露的影响将在以下方面进行测量：（1）哺乳期- 催乳素的诱导释放;（2）多巴胺和5-羟色胺的浓度 及其代谢物，在选择下丘脑核（这些 神经递质直接或间接地影响着 对垂体前叶催乳素释放的影响）;（3）马槟榔素介导的 泌乳大鼠催乳素释放;（4）催乳素释放反应 促甲状腺激素释放激素（一种特征明显的催乳素释放激素） 作用于垂体水平的因子）。 总的来说，结果应提供以下方面的重要信息： 酒精对泌乳期催乳素分泌的影响，及其部位和 作用机制。 这些数据将作为重要的指导方针， 未来的人类研究涉及酒精滥用及其对 哺乳性能

The broad, long term objective of this investigation is to study the effects of alcohol on prolactin secretion in lactating rats. Breast feeding is a natural, healthy and physiological function; unfortunately, many women are prevented from nursing or stop nursing earlier than planned because of difficulties with lactation. Alcohol consumption likely contributes to these nursing problems since more than 60% of American women drink alcohol. The effects of alcohol on lactation deserve attention because of alcohol's harmful effects on reproduction and growth. The major hormone controlling lactation is prolactin. Prolactin is essential for differentiation of the secretory and myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland during pregnancy, and to initiate and maintain lactation. Although several researchers have reported alcohol's effects on prolactin in humans and animals, its effects on prolactin secretion during lactation have not been examined fully. The specific aims of this proposal are to study the effects of alcohol administration on prolactin secretion, release mechanisms and central site(s) of action in catheterized, lactating rats. Rats will be given various doses of alcohol daily for 4 hours from days 5 to 12 of lactation. The blood alcohol will be maintained at a constant level by continuous infusion (comparable to having multiple drinks for several days). The effects of chronic alcohol exposure will be measured on: (1) suckling- induced release of prolactin; (2) concentrations of dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites, in select hypothalamic nuclei (these neurotransmitters have, either directly or indirectly, a major influence on prolactin release by the anterior pituitary); (3) serotonin-mediated prolactin release in lactating rats, and (4) prolactin release in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (a well-characterized prolactin releasing factor acting at the pituitary level). Collectively, the results should provide significant information on alcohol effects on prolactin secretion during lactation, and its site and mechanism of action. These data will serve as important guidelines for future human studies dealing with alcohol abuse and its effect on lactational performance.