ALCOHOL AND LACTATION--EFFECTS ON PROLACTIN RELEASE

这项调查的广泛、长期目标是研究 酒精对哺乳期大鼠催乳素分泌的影响。 母乳喂养是一种自然、健康、生理的功能； 不幸的是，许多妇女被禁止哺乳或停止哺乳。 由于哺乳困难，比计划的要早。酒精 消费可能是造成这些护理问题的原因，因为超过 60%的美国女性饮酒。酒精对哺乳期的影响 值得注意，因为酒精对生殖和 成长。 控制哺乳的主要激素是催乳素。催乳素是 分泌细胞和肌上皮细胞分化所必需的 怀孕期间的乳腺，并启动和维持 哺乳。尽管一些研究人员报告了酒精对人体的影响 人和动物的催乳素，其对催乳素分泌的影响 尚未对哺乳期进行充分检查。 这项建议的具体目的是研究酒精的影响。 催乳素的分泌、释放机制和中枢给药 导尿、哺乳大鼠的作用部位(S)。老鼠将会被给予 从哺乳期第5天到第12天，每天饮用不同剂量的酒精，持续4小时。 血液酒精浓度将维持在一个恒定的水平 输液(相当于连续几天喝多杯酒)。这个 长期酒精暴露的影响将在以下方面进行测量：(1)哺乳- 诱导催乳素释放；(2)多巴胺和5-羟色胺浓度 和他们的代谢物，在选定的下丘脑核团(这些 神经递质具有直接或间接的重大影响。 垂体腺分泌催乳素)；(3)5-羟色胺介导 哺乳期大鼠的催乳素释放，以及(4)催乳素的释放 促甲状腺激素释放激素(一种特征良好的催乳素释放激素 作用于脑下垂体水平的因子)。 总体而言，结果应提供有关以下方面的重要信息 酒精对哺乳期催乳素分泌的影响及其部位和 作用机制。这些数据将作为重要的指导方针 未来关于酒精滥用及其对健康的影响的人体研究 哺乳期表现。

The broad, long term objective of this investigation is to study the effects of alcohol on prolactin secretion in lactating rats. Breast feeding is a natural, healthy and physiological function; unfortunately, many women are prevented from nursing or stop nursing earlier than planned because of difficulties with lactation. Alcohol consumption likely contributes to these nursing problems since more than 60% of American women drink alcohol. The effects of alcohol on lactation deserve attention because of alcohol's harmful effects on reproduction and growth. The major hormone controlling lactation is prolactin. Prolactin is essential for differentiation of the secretory and myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland during pregnancy, and to initiate and maintain lactation. Although several researchers have reported alcohol's effects on prolactin in humans and animals, its effects on prolactin secretion during lactation have not been examined fully. The specific aims of this proposal are to study the effects of alcohol administration on prolactin secretion, release mechanisms and central site(s) of action in catheterized, lactating rats. Rats will be given various doses of alcohol daily for 4 hours from days 5 to 12 of lactation. The blood alcohol will be maintained at a constant level by continuous infusion (comparable to having multiple drinks for several days). The effects of chronic alcohol exposure will be measured on: (1) suckling- induced release of prolactin; (2) concentrations of dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites, in select hypothalamic nuclei (these neurotransmitters have, either directly or indirectly, a major influence on prolactin release by the anterior pituitary); (3) serotonin-mediated prolactin release in lactating rats, and (4) prolactin release in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (a well-characterized prolactin releasing factor acting at the pituitary level). Collectively, the results should provide significant information on alcohol effects on prolactin secretion during lactation, and its site and mechanism of action. These data will serve as important guidelines for future human studies dealing with alcohol abuse and its effect on lactational performance.