TOWARD A MODEL OF NORMAL AND DISORDERED COGNITION

我们计划一个计划项目来开发和评估师范的一般模型 和混乱的认知。该模式旨在弥合两国之间的差距 对可能影响人类健康的生物性疾病的认识日益加深 对精确本质的认识与行为证据的增长 由此产生的赤字。该模型体现了一套原则，这些原则 为获取正常认知的基本方面提供了一个起点 以及脑损伤、发育异常和精神障碍的影响 认知过程中的神经调节。我们提出了三个部分-项目 旨在利用计算机来调查模型的充分性 从正常人、精神分裂症患者、 和脑损伤人群。第1部分概述了旨在建立 能否解释信息处理的几个一般规律 作为遵循原则的处理系统的紧急属性 模型，并将该模型应用于两个经过充分研究的信息 处理涉及使用上下文和注意控制的任务 正在处理。第二部分探讨神经调节障碍对脑功能的影响 信息处理。它使用该模型来检查行为有多好 精神分裂症患者的缺陷可以通过假设 前额叶对多巴胺敏感神经元的反应性降低 大脑皮层。第3部分考察了一种特定类型的获取信息 处理技能(单词识别和命名)，并寻求建立 一种解释正常技能表现的模型，发展 处理能力，脑损伤的影响，以及发育 反常现象。该项目的核心部分将提供以下机制 促进该模式的进一步发展和纳入 神经生物学证据以及所需的计算资源 评估模型的充分性。 该项目将直接有助于我们对过程的理解 潜在的正常认知和对 由于潜在疾病的损害或干扰而引起的疾病 生物过程。

We plan a Program Project to develop and assess a general model of normal and disordered cognition. The model is intended to bridge the gap between the growing understanding of the biological disorders that can affect cognition and the growing body of behavioral evidence on the precise nature of the resulting deficits. The model embodies a set of principles that provide a starting place for capturing basic aspects of normal cognition and effects of brain damage, developmental anomalies, and disorders of neuromodulation on cognitive processes. We present three part-projects designed to investigate the adequacy of the model, using computer simulation of behavioral data to be obtained from normal, schizophrenic, and brain-damaged populations. Part 1 outlines work designed to establish whether several general laws of information processing can be accounted for as emergent properties of processing systems that adhere to the principles of the model, and applies the model to two well studied information processing tasks involving the use of context and attention to control processing. Part 2 explores the effects of disorders of neuromodulation on information processing. It uses the model to examine how well behavioral deficits seen in schizophrenic patients can be accounted for by assuming a reduction in the responsivity of dopamine-sensitive neurons in prefrontal cortex. Part 3 examines one specific type of acquired information processing skill (word identification and naming), and seeks to establish a model that accounts for normal skilled performance, the development of processing ability, the effects of brain damage, and developmental anomalies. The Core component of the project will provide mechanisms to facilitate further development of the model and the incorporation of neurobiological evidence, as well as the computational resources needed to assess the adequacy of the model. The project would contribute directly to our understanding of the processes underlying normal cognition and of the precise understanding of the disorders that arise from damage or disturbance of the underlying biological processes.