Framework for Modeling Human Cognition

整体项目描述(由申请人提供)：此 综合行为科学中心寻求开发一个框架，以 理解人类认知，建立在指定特征的原则基础上 人类的认知过程，并受制于潜在的 神经机制。该中心将利用这一框架来指导制定 显性的、可测试的正常和紊乱认知模型，包括 认知功能发展及其瓦解的模型如下 脑部损伤或疾病的结果。一个基本的原则是，认知是 一种新的现象，产生于合作加工的相互作用 组织成专门群体的元素。该中心的一个目标将是 为了研究显式模型的实用性，这些模型是根据 这种方法解决了认知的许多方面，包括语义 知识、语言处理、认知控制、感知、学习和 记忆。第二个目标还将调查体现在 模型，包括学习原理、加工原理和表征原理。 学习将是一个中心焦点，因为它在认知过程中起着至关重要的作用 发展、技能的获得、记忆的形成和补救 认知功能。该中心的第三个目标将是将 神经科学的限制。神经科学的发现将指导 原则的规范和领域具体细节的表述 ，并将提供针对特定模型的目标实验观测 用来评估模型的充分性。此外，该中心还将使 神经生理学方法在动物中的应用和脑功能成像 人类来测试预测并生成约束和 通知模型开发。该中心将为以下人员提供培训资金 跨学科研究奖学金，培训初级科学家在 行为、计算和神经科学方法的融合使用。 中心努力的结果将是更全面地描述 人类认知过程的本质，更清晰地表述了潜在的 原则，以及对正常和无序的更完整的理解 跨越许多认知领域的功能。

DESCRIPTION OF OVERALL PROJECT (provided by applicant): This Integrative Behavioral Science Center seeks to develop a framework for understanding human cognition, grounded in principles specifying the character of human cognitive processes, and constrained by properties of the underlying neural mechanisms. The Center will exploit this framework to guide formulation of explicit, testable models of normal and disordered cognition, including models of the development of cognitive functions and of their disintegration as a result of brain damage or disease. A fundamental tenet is that cognition is an emergent phenomenon, arising from the interactions of cooperating processing elements organized into specialized populations. One aim of the center will be to investigate the utility of explicit models that are formulated in terms of this approach, addressing many aspects of cognition including semantic knowledge, language processing, cognitive control, perception, learning and memory. A second aim will also investigate the principles that are embodied in the models, including principles of learning, processing, and representation. Learning will be a central focus, since it plays a crucial role in cognitive development, acquisition of skills, formation of memories, and remediation of cognitive functions. A third aim of the Center will be to incorporate constraints from neuroscience. Findings from neuroscience will guide the specification of the principles and the formulation of domain-specific details of particular models, and will provide target experimental observations against which to assess the adequacy of the models. In addition, the Center will make use of neurophysiological methods in animals and functional brain imaging in humans to test predictions and generate additional data needed to constrain and inform model development. The Center will provide training funds for interdisciplinary research fellowships, to train junior scientists in the convergent use of behavioral, computational, and neuroscience methodologies. The outcome of the Center's efforts will be a fuller characterization of the nature of human cognitive processes, a clearer formulation of the underlying principles, and a more complete understanding of normal and disordered functions across many domains of cognition.