SYMPHONY: StudYing Massive star PHysics Of blue supergiaNts with asteroseismologY

质量超过太阳八倍的恒星寿命短，通常以形成黑洞或中子星的超新星的形式结束生命。在大质量恒星中，有被称为蓝色超级巨星的超新星祖先，它们是宇宙中重要的金属工厂，因为它们为新一代的恒星提供化学和能量，并推动银河系的进化。尽管它们很重要，但大质量恒星的内部物理在很大程度上仍然是未知的。由于数据不足，很少有人使用星震学来研究大质量恒星，星震学是利用脉动来研究恒星结构。随着美国宇航局凌日系外行星调查卫星(TESS)的成功发射和正在进行的产生数千颗大质量恒星的任务，我们经历了由数据驱动的范式向大质量天体地震的转变。TESS正在提供第一个大型和多样化的大质量恒星连续、高精度、长期光曲线的数据集。交响乐使用星震学来推动大质量恒星研究的突破，并回答了四个主要的研究问题：(I)核心质量是如何作为质量和演化的函数变化的？(Ii)双星现象如何影响大质量恒星的演化？(Iii)风、质量损失和大气变化对恒星演化有何影响？(Iv)为什么只有一些大质量恒星在其演化过程中会出现蓝色循环？将新的星震技术应用于TESS数据，结合补充的高分辨率、高节奏、时间序列光谱学的新颖性，最终使我们能够有力地对抗最先进的大质量恒星模型。SYMPHONY将为高度简并和不确定的超新星前身参数空间校准恒星结构和演化模型。反过来，大质量恒星内部亟需的约束将被提供给更广泛的天文学社区，专注于黑洞形成和星系演化。

Stars with masses more than eight times the mass of our Sun have short lifetimes and typically end their lives as supernovae forming black holes or neutron stars. Amongst massive stars are supernova progenitors called blue supergiants, which are important metal factories in the Universe as they provide the chemistry and energy for new generations of stars and drive galactic evolution. Despite their importance, the interior physics of massive stars remains largely unknown. Few massive stars have been studied using asteroseismology, the study of stellar structure using pulsations, because of insufficient data. With the successful launch and ongoing NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission yielding thousands of massive stars, we have undergone a data-driven paradigm shift towards high-mass asteroseismology. TESS is providing the first large and diverse data set of continuous, high-precision, long-term light curves of massive stars. SYMPHONY uses asteroseismology to drive breakthroughs in massive star research and answer four major research questions: (i) How does the core mass change as a function of mass and evolution? (ii) How does binarity impact the evolution of massive stars? (iii) How do winds, mass loss and variable atmospheres influence stellar evolution? (iv) Why do only some massive stars under go blue loops in their evolution? The novelty of applying new asteroseismic techniques to TESS data combined with complementary high-resolution, high-cadence, time-series spectroscopy finally allows us to robustly confront state-of-the-art models of massive stars. SYMPHONY will calibrate stellar structure and evolution models for the highly degenerate and uncertain parameter space of supernova progenitors. In turn, much-needed constraints of massive star interiors will be provided to the wider astronomical community focused on black hole formation and galactic evolution.