Pathogens of Algae for Biocontrol and Biosecurity

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Algae play an important role in water ecosystems and our future increasingly depends on the presence of both desirable andundesirable algae. Desirable algae are, for example, seaweeds that we consume, use for biofuels, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.Whereas undesirable algae can form harmful algal blooms (HABs) that can alter the quality of water, with dramatic consequences forwild and farmed fish and shellfish, as well as our supply of drinking water.Micro and macroalgae are vulnerable to many diseases. The presence of pathogens and their potential spread to non-native areas cansignificantly hinder seaweed production. Likewise, microscopic algae (i.e. cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dino-flagellates) that can formHABs are also vulnerable to many pathogens. There are a wide range of microorganisms, including fungal, oomycete, protist, bacterialand viral agents that can all reduce fitness or kill algae. Therefore, the central research aim that links all 10 training projects in PHABBis to exploit the infection strategies of algal pathogens to either fight diseases that they cause in seaweeds or to harness theseinfection tactics to combat harmful algal blooms.To achieve this goal, PHABB brings together an exceptional combination of researchers in Europe from both academia and SMEs thathave unique expertise to train and mentor 10 early career researchers in understanding biological and evolutionary processes linkedto microbial community dynamics, virulence and host specificity of a range of pathogens of both desirable algae as well asundesirable algae. The overall aim is to develop new disease management strategies in seaweeds and biocontrol measures of HABswith the help of natural pathogens. The ESRs in PHABB will gain broad interdisciplinary skills plus a translational mindset through ourintegrated and inter-sectoral training programme and will secure continued vital research on Biocontrol of HABs and Biosecurity ofseaweeds in Europe.