CHROMOSOME ALTERATIONS AND PROTO-ONCOGENES TRANSPOSITION IN CARCINOGENESIS

一种连续致瘤的人宫颈外段细胞系 人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16和活化的v-Ha-ras基因的转染 癌基因在21号染色体上Ets-2原癌基因附近有HPV序列。 HPV-16在这个位置的插入参与了一种 均一染色区，一种指示基因的变化 可能对获得细胞永生化至关重要的扩增。 与浸润性癌、腺-12、爱泼斯坦-巴尔、乙肝相关的HPV 而猿猴-40病毒整合在人类基因组上的参考位置。 5个DNA的35个地区性本地化整合位点中有51% 病毒对应于脆弱部位和原癌基因的位置。 两个原癌基因erbB-3和dbl，两个编码非组蛋白的基因 染色体蛋白和一组类似组织蛋白酶G的基因被定位 在人类基因组主要感兴趣的区域。ErbB-3被映射到 染色体12qll-13与Int-1和Gli原癌基因非常接近。 DBL基因定位在染色体Xq27上，这可能是一个重要的区域 为了进一步确定与染色体相关的分子变化 脆弱和X连锁精神发育迟滞。HMG-14和HMG-17基因 非组蛋白染色体蛋白定位于染色体2lq22.3和 Lp36.1。HMG-14基因位于所考虑的区域 对唐氏综合症至关重要。组织蛋白酶-G基因和组织蛋白酶G样基因 定位于14号染色体上靠近αT细胞和Delta T细胞的q11.2带 受体基因，在T细胞肿瘤中涉及最多的易位部位。

A human exocervical cell line that became tumorigenic after sequential transfection with human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and an activated v-Ha-ras oncogene had HPV sequences on chromosome 21 near ets-2 proto-oncogene. HPV-16 insertion at this site was implicated in the formation of a homogeneously staining region, an alteration indicative of gene amplification that may be essential to the acquisition of cell immortality. HPVs associated with invasive cancer, adeno-12, Epstein-Barr, hepatitis-B and simian-40 viruses integrate at referential sites on the human genome. Fifty-one percent of 35 regionally localized integration sites of five DNA viruses correspond to the location of fragile sites and proto-oncogenes. Two proto-oncogenes, erbB-3 and dbl, two genes coding for nonhistone chromosomal protein, and a cluster of Cathepsin G-like genes were localized at regions of major interest on the human genome. ErbB-3 was mapped to chromosome 12qll-13 in close proximity to Int-1 and GLI proto-oncogenes. Dbl gene was localized on chromosome Xq27, a region that may be important for further defining the molecular alterations associated with chromosome fragility and X-linked mental retardation. HMG-14 and HMG-17 genes for nonhistone chromosomal protein were mapped on chromosomes 2lq22.3 and lp36.1, respectively. HMG-14 gene is located at the region considered critical for Down's syndrome. Cathepsin-G gene and a cathepsin G-like gene were mapped on chromosome 14 at band q11.2 near alpha and delta T-cell receptor gene, a site involved in most translocations in T-cell neoplasia.