MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL VIRUSES AND CELLS BY COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS

病毒系统用于模拟复杂的大分子 正常的、受感染的和转化的 细胞 计算机被用来研究核酸和蛋白质 包含这些系统所需信息的序列 来运作。 小核糖核酸病毒引起的疾病以脊髓灰质炎、感冒、肝炎 和口蹄疫。 这些基因和蛋白质序列 病毒之间的关系进行了比较研究， 与其他已知和假设的蛋白质。 二级结构 发现RNA与病理学相关性变化， 序列差异 研究腺病毒的目的是了解早期事件 在病毒复制中，细胞的新陈代谢被破坏， 病毒的功能，以及后期事件，在此期间，组装和 形态发生。 早期的病毒蛋白， 从生物化学研究中已知，已经通过比较 它们的序列与已知功能的细胞蛋白质相关联。 蛋白质和核酸的计算机分析已经发展起来 并与生物化学技术结合使用， 病毒学和电子显微镜对小核糖核酸病毒序列的研究， 腺病毒，人类免疫缺陷病毒。 图形 表示揭示同源性，并反向互补是 再加上数值方法，以帮助预测二次 核酸结构、剪接、启动子和重组 分子。 计算机程序是在当地和其他地方开发的 适用于Cray XMP、VAX和图形工作站， 进行序列分析和结构预测。 方法 使用蒙特卡罗模拟评估预测的重要性， 进化比较和生化数据。 基因的作用， 蛋白质是通过与以下序列数据库进行比较来推断的： 已知功能和结构。

Viral systems are used to model the complex macromolecular processes and organization of normal, infected and transformed cells. Computers are used to study the nucleic acid and protein sequences that embody the information necessary for these systems to function. Picornaviruses cause diseases typified by polio, colds, hepatitis, and foot-and-mouth diseases. Gene and protein sequences of these viruses are comparatively studied for relationships among them and to other known and hypothetical proteins. Secondary structures of the RNAs are found to vary in correlation with pathological and sequence differences. Adenoviruses are studied with a goal to understanding early events in virus replication wherein the cell's metabolism is subverted to viral functions, and late events during which assembly and morphogenesis occurs. Early viral proteins, whose existence was known from biochemical studies, have been analyzed by comparing their sequences to cellular proteins of known function. Computer analyses of proteins and nucleic acids have been developed and implemented in conjunction with techniques of biochemistry, virology, and electron microscopy on sequences of picornaviruses, adenoviruses, human immunodeficiency viruses. Graphic representations revealing homology, and reverse complementarily are coupled with numerical methods to aid the prediction of secondary structure, splicing, promoters, and recombination in nucleic acid molecules. Computer programs are developed locally and elsewhere for application on Cray XMP, VAX and graphic workstations to perform sequence analysis and structure predictions. Methods to assess the significance of predictions use Monte Carlo simulations, evolutionary comparisons and biochemical data. Roles for genes and proteins are deduced by comparison with databases of sequences of known function and structure.