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Lawyers, Conflict and Transition (resubmission)

律师、冲突和过渡（重新提交）

基本信息

批准号：
ES/J009849/1
负责人：
K McEvoy
金额：
$ 62.46万
依托单位：
Queen's University Belfast
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FJ009849%2F1
关键词：
Lawyers Conflict Transition resubmission

项目摘要

CONTEXTThis project will explore the role of lawyers in transitions from violence or authoritarianism. Despite the centrality of the rule of law to the contemporary theory and practice of transitional justice, there is little emphasis in the relevant literature on the role of lawyers outside the courts or indeed as the 'real people' at work in the system. Although the importance of different forms of agency exercised by lawyers in peaceful societies is well established, analysis of their diverse roles in transitions is significantly underdeveloped in the literature. Lawyers are often key actors in strategic litigation or popular mobilisation before transitions, in political negotiations prior to and during a transition, in enacting legal reforms and testing their meaning in the courts, and in shaping the work of past-focused initiatives that address issues such as truth, accountability and reconciliation.AIMTo conduct a comparative and thematic study of lawyering at key historic stages in conflicted and transitional societies and to produce both academic outputs and a range of practical documents designed to be of assistance to local and international actors. The fieldwork will be conducted in Israel/Palestine, Cambodia, Chile, South Africa and Tunisia.OBJECTIVES(a) To explore overlapping themes concerning the role of lawyers in societies either enduring or emerging from violent conflict including the performance of lawyers at key periods (for example of violence or repression), in popular mobilisation efforts, during periods of peacemaking, political negotiation and implementation, and (where relevant) in dealing with the past. (b) To deploy a comparative case studies research methodology involving an extensive literature analysis, fieldwork in jurisdictions chosen to explore the themes listed above, and the development of outputs for each jurisdiction accessible to local and international actors. The fieldwork will include semi-structured interviews based on a bespoke research instrument.(c) To disseminate the findings and related academic and policy outputs through a project website, a major international conference in Belfast and presentations at a range of international and national conferences. Academic publications will include one monograph and four scholarly articles.POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITSAt the academic level, through the scholarly monograph and journal articles, the project is designed to develop a comparative understanding of the sociology of lawyering in conflicted and transitional societies which can also enhance knowledge of the agentic capacity of lawyers in settled societies. It will construct a bridgehead between transitional justice and the sociology of the legal professions and further scholarship which critiques excessive legalism in the field. Such a restricted perspective has encouraged a world view of legal certainties, moral absolutes and simplistic notions of the professional detached lawyer, none of which chime with the messy real world of societies in or emerging from conflict. Our project is designed to encourage a more holistic understanding of the role of lawyers in conflict and transition based on an extensive comparative study. Such a view will be of direct interest to scholars working in disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, political science, criminology, psychology, history, law and peace and conflict studies. At a practical level, the range of policy-orientated publications (translated into local languages) and the website are designed to be of use to local actors in each of the jurisdictions including practising judges and lawyers, legal collectives (Bar Councils, Law Societies and equivalent), government departments, civil society activists and other NGOs. In addition, the project will be highly relevant to global entities including the United Nations, policymakers and donors, international legal collectives and transnational civil society actors

本项目将探讨律师在从暴力或威权主义过渡中的作用。尽管法治是当代过渡司法理论和实践的核心，但相关文献很少强调律师在法庭之外的作用，或者实际上作为系统中工作的“真实的人”的作用。虽然律师在和平社会中行使不同形式的代理的重要性已经确立，但在文献中对他们在转型中的不同作用的分析却远远不够。在过渡前的战略诉讼或民众动员中，在过渡前和过渡期间的政治谈判中，在颁布法律的改革并在法庭上检验其意义方面，以及在塑造处理真相、目的对冲突和过渡时期关键历史阶段的律师工作进行比较和专题研究，该中心的任务是，为各社会提供技术援助，并编写学术成果和一系列实用文件，以协助地方和国际行为者。（a）探讨与律师在经历或刚刚摆脱暴力冲突的社会中的作用有关的重叠主题，包括律师在关键时期的表现（例如暴力或镇压）、民众动员努力、建立和平、政治谈判和执行期间，和（在相关的情况下）处理过去。(b)部署一个比较案例研究的研究方法，涉及广泛的文献分析，在选定的司法管辖区实地考察，以探讨上述主题，并为每个司法管辖区的本地和国际行为者访问的输出的发展。实地调查将包括基于定制研究工具的半结构化访谈。(c)通过一个项目网站、在贝尔法斯特举行的一次重要国际会议以及在一系列国际和国家会议上的发言，传播研究结果和相关的学术和政策产出。学术出版物将包括一本专著和四篇学术文章。潜在的应用和益处在学术一级，通过学术专著和期刊文章，该项目旨在对冲突和转型社会中的律师社会学形成比较理解，这也可以提高对定居社会中律师代理能力的认识。它将在过渡司法与法律的职业社会学之间建立一个桥头堡，并进一步批判该领域的过度法律主义。这种有限的视角鼓励了专业超然律师对法律的确定性、道德的绝对性和简单化概念的世界观，而这些都不符合处于冲突中或刚刚摆脱冲突的社会的混乱的真实的世界。我们的项目旨在鼓励基于广泛的比较研究，更全面地了解律师在冲突和过渡中的作用。从事社会学、人类学、政治学、犯罪学、心理学、历史学、法律、和平与冲突研究等学科的学者将对这种观点直接感兴趣。在实践层面上，一系列面向政策的出版物（翻译成当地语言）和网站的设计是为了使每个管辖区的当地行为者，包括执业法官和律师、法律的集体（律师理事会、法律协会和同等机构）、政府部门、民间社会活动家和其他非政府组织使用。此外，该项目将与包括联合国、决策者和捐助者、国际法律的集体和跨国民间社会行为体在内的全球实体高度相关