Designing inclusive environments: shaping transitions from theory into practice

尽管在进行社会和立法改革以满足残疾人的需求方面取得了进展，但由于产品、人工制品和日常用品等环境设计不良，许多人仍然被剥夺了出入不同场所的基本权利。许多服务提供者的态度和做法使这一问题更加复杂，他们很少意识到身体受损的复杂性，也很少预见和承认人们在整个生命过程中身体表现的变化。从以标准化设计特征和使用缺乏灵活性为特征的新住房的生产，到很少具有可互换组件的椅子和桌子，环境的设计及其管理，对政策制定者提出了艰巨的挑战，他们寻求为就地老化和与建筑性能变化交织的设计奠定基础。促进独立生活和公平获得和使用产品、商品和服务的地方，是大多数政府的目标，他们越来越赞同通用设计（UD）的理想。虽然UD具有直观的吸引力，并迅速获得全球影响力，甚至图腾地位，但很少或根本没有对其基本原则、理论和概念内容或解释和付诸实践的方式多样性进行评价。相反，大多数关于UD的文章倾向于接受它作为一件好事，并专注于评估其技术可行性和操作结果。重点是描述和评估UD的产品和流程，并生成用户与其环境交互的证据库，作为产品增强和开发的基础。虽然这一重点很重要，但很少有人注意或严格审查UD的总体原则，如何理解这些原则，并随后付诸实践。本系列研讨会旨在描述和评估关于设计和体现塑造UD内容的基本假设，重点是预测应该做些什么来实现包容性环境以及如何实现。将特别强调比较理解，不同的社会制度关系和背景如何塑造UD，实践的后果，以及设计环境的后续用户体验。研讨会将讨论不同的产品制造商和服务提供商在多大程度上能够对UD的原则做出反应，这样做的挑战是什么，以及如何解决这些问题以及取得了什么成果。它还将考虑用户界面的问题，并使用，UD文物。

Despite progress in creating social and legislative changes to respond to the needs of disabled people, many are still denied basic rights of access to different places due to poorly designed environments, including products, artefacts, and everyday objects. This is compounded by attitudes and practices of many service providers, which are rarely sensitised to the complexities of impaired bodies, or anticipate, and acknowledge, changes in people's bodily performances throughout the life course. From the production of new housing, characterised by standardised design features and lack of flexibility in use, to chairs and tables, that rarely feature interchangeable components, the design of environments, and their management, present formidable challenges to policy makers in seeking to create a basis for both ageing in place and intertwining design with changes in corporeal performance.The design of inclusive environments, or places that facilitate independent living and equity of access to, and use of, products, goods, and services, is an objective of most governments who, increasingly, subscribe to the ideals of universal design (UD). While UD has intuitive appeal, and has quickly gained global reach, even totemic status, there has been little or no evaluation of its underlying principles, its theoretical and conceptual content, or the diversity of ways in which it is interpreted and placed into practice. Rather, the preponderance of writings about UD tends to accept it as a good thing, and focus on evaluating its technical feasibility and operational outcomes. The focus is the description and evaluation of the products and processes of UD, and generating an evidence base of users' interactions with their environments as the basis for product enhancement and development. While this emphasis is important, there has been little attention or critical scrutiny of the overarching principles of UD, how these are understood, and, subsequently, placed into practice. This seminar series seeks to describe and evaluate the underlying assumptions about design and embodiment shaping the content of UD, focusing on its prognosis of what ought to be done to attain an inclusive environment and how to achieve it. There will be particular emphasis on comparative understanding, of how different socio-institutional relations and contexts shape UD, the consequences for practice, and subsequent user-experiences of the designed environment. The seminar will debate how far different product manufacturers and service providers are able to respond to the principles of UD, what the challenges are in doing so, and how they are addressed and with what outcomes. It will also consider issues of user interfaces with, and uses of, UD artefacts.