QUANTITATION OF HIV-1 IN HIV-1 INFECTED INDIVIDUALS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)是引起 获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病)及其相关疾病。 HIV-1已被证明可在多种细胞中感染和复制 活体包括CD4、T细胞、某些B细胞、单核/巨噬细胞、 朗格汉斯细胞、脑胶质细胞和一些病毒株 使用各种培养方法从各种组织中分离出 技巧。有相当多的数据表明病毒 负荷和免疫抑制是严重程度的主要决定因素 与HIV-1相关的疾病。此外，有人建议，该水平 病毒载量的多少与免疫性疾病的分期和进展有关 恶化。因此，对患者的病毒载量的测量可能 理论上对预后评估是有用的。然而，有一些， 没有易于操作、可靠、灵敏和特异的检测系统来 确定目前的病毒载量。HIV-1相关抗原 检测的特异性可能是可靠的，但仍然应该是 由于它们的敏感性有限，因此被认为处于发育阶段。 例如，诸如p24 Gag蛋白之类的HIV-1抗原通常 在许多血清阳性个体的血液中检测不到 常规放射免疫法或酶联免疫吸附测定法 (酶联免疫吸附试验)。可检测的循环p24抗原范围的阳性 HIV-1抗体阳性者中15%至86%取决于 患者群体或所采用的方法。

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its related disorders. HIV-1 has been shown to infect and replicate in a variety of cells in vivo including CD4, T cells, certain B cells, monocytes/macrophages, Langerhans cells, and brain glial cells, and a number of virus strains have been isolated from various tissues using a variety of culture techniques. There are considerable amounts of data to suggest that viral load and immunosuppression are major determinants of the severity of HIV-1 related diseases. Moreover, it has been suggested that the level of viral load is related to the stage and progression of immunological deterioration. Thus, the measurement of viral load in patients may theoretically be useful for prognostic assessment. There are, however, no easily performed, reliable, sensitive and specific assay systems to determine the viral load at the present time. HIV-1-related antigen tests may be reliable for their specificity, but should still be considered in the developmental phase due to their limited sensitivity. For example, HIV-1 antigens such as p24 Gag protein are often undetectable in the blood of many seropositive individuals as assessed by the conventional radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The positivity of detectable circulating p24 antigen ranges from 15 to 86 % in HIV-1 antibody-positive individuals depending upon patient populations or methods employed.