Ways of Knowing after Atrocity: A knowledge exchange on the methods used to formulate, implement and assess transitional justice processes

OTJR/swisspace知识交流研究了用于制定、实施和评估过渡时期司法的方法。过渡时期司法为冲突或专制统治期间犯下的严重侵犯人权行为提供了一套广泛的法律的和非法律的应对措施。人权审判、真相委员会、纪念项目和恢复性司法程序在地球仪各地越来越频繁地得到实施。然而，由于倡导和实施了不同的过渡时期司法办法，在律师、民间社会行为者、决策者，学者和当地居民了解暴行并作出反应。因此，有必要就了解暴行的方式和我们对暴行的反应进行知识交流。这些侵权行为发生的地点对刑事定罪和真相委员会报告的证据基础提出了质疑。虽然跨国研究现已确定了过渡时期司法实践的总体趋势，但这些研究不一定能产生对具体国家情况有用的知识。与此同时，详细的案例研究在认真强调转型的特殊性时，可能会限制各国对知识的学习和调整。必须通过法律的从业人员、过渡时期司法学者、人权倡导团体、受暴力影响的社区和决策者之间的专门知识交流来弥合这些分歧。OTJR/swisspace知识交流旨在弥合过渡时期司法实践和研究中的方法分歧。该项目将审查目前用于确定严重侵犯人权行为和更广泛的社会危害的发生的方法，用于应对这些危害的方法以及用于评估这些过渡时期司法干预措施的影响的手段。该项目将包括四项知识交流活动：（1）一个在线论坛，将过渡时期司法学者与研究用户、执行过渡时期司法进程的法律的从业人员、民间社会团体和决策者联系起来;（2）一系列研讨会，使这些利益攸关方能够进行持续的调查和交流，从而编写一份方法培训手册; 3）在卢旺达和科索沃与国内学者和研究用户举办两次注重实践的讲习班，利用培训手册深化受影响国家过渡时期司法的实践和研究; 4）最后评估会议，将评估在线论坛、系列研讨会和注重实践的讲习班的传播和影响。

The OTJR/swisspeace Knowledge Exchange examines the methods used to formulate, implement and assess transitional justice. Transitional justice provides a broad set of legal and non-legal responses to serious human rights violations committed during periods of conflict or repressive rule. Human rights trials, truth commissions, memorialisation projects and restorative justice processes are implemented with increasing frequency across the globe. However, as different approaches to transitional justice have been advocated and implemented, there have been clashes over the means through which lawyers, civil society actors, policy-makers, scholars and local populations know atrocity and respond to it. There is therefore a need for a knowledge exchange on the ways of knowing atrocity and our responses to it.The divergent methods used to examine serious human rights violations and the contexts in which these violations occurred have challenged the evidentiary bases of criminal convictions and truth commission reports. While cross-national studies have now identified general trends in the practice of transitional justice, these studies may not necessarily produce the kinds of knowledge useful for specific country contexts. At the same time detailed case studies, in carefully emphasising the particularities of a transition, may constrain the learning and adapting of knowledge across countries. It is crucial to bridge these divides through expertise-sharing among legal practitioners, transitional justice scholars, human rights advocacy groups, violence-affected communities and policy-makers. The OTJR/swisspeace Knowledge Exchange aims to bridge the methodological divides within the practice and research of transitional justice. The project will examine the current methods used to determine the occurrence of serious human rights violations and wider societal harms, the methods used to respond to these harms and the means used to assess the impact of these transitional justice interventions. The project will consist of four knowledge exchange activities; 1) an online forum connecting transitional justice scholars with the research users; the legal practitioners, civil society groups and policy-makers implementing transitional justice processes; 2) a seminar series that will allow for a sustained inquiry and exchange between these stakeholders, resulting in the development of a methods-training manual; 3) two practice-oriented workshops run in Rwanda and Kosovo with in-country scholars and research-users, using the training manual to deepen the practice and research of transitional justice in affected countries; 4) a final evaluation meeting which will assess the dissemination and impact of the online forum, the seminar series and the practice-oriented workshops.