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Verb classification in Gújjolaay Eegimaa (Atlantic; Niger-Congo)

Göjjolaay Eegimaa 中的动词分类（大西洋；尼日尔-刚果）

基本信息

批准号：
ES/K001922/1
负责人：
Serge Sagna
金额：
$ 19.3万
依托单位：
University of Surrey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FK001922%2F1
关键词：
Verb classification jjolaay Eegimaa Atlantic

项目摘要

The phenomenon:Our current understanding of human categorization processes is the result of research in disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, linguistics and anthropology. Categorization is the mental process by which humans group entities like objects into different categories. In linguistics, the study of grammatical systems such as noun categorization systems (e.g., Lakoff 1987) and verb categorization systems (McGregor 2002), has revealed that these systems are a reflections of human cognitive categorization strategies.The goal of this project is to contribute to research on categorization by studying an unusual grammatical phenomenon of verb categorization found in Gújjolaay Eegimaa (Eegimaa hereafter) and related and neighbouring Atlantic languages of the Niger Congo language phylum spoken in Southern Senegal. This kind of categorization is manifested in the Eegimaa grammar by the use of different gender markers to form nonfinite verbs.Nonfinite verbs traditionally include infinitives, gerunds and participles (Nikolaeva 2007). In English, nonfinites are formed by regular processes like the use of the particle 'to' to form infinitives (e.g., to eat), the ing ending on verbs to form gerunds (e.g. read ing books) and participles (e.g., a fry ing pan). Eegimaa and neighbouring languages have the unusual property of forming nonfinite verbs by irregular processes using different gender markers. Three main scenarios are attested in Eegimaa. First, a verb and a noun may have the same root but have different gender markers with related meanings as in ma rem 'to drink, drinking' vs. e rem 'drink'. Second, a verb and a noun may have exactly the same form with no sign of one being derived from the other as with e-lob 'to speak/speaking/speech'. The third scenario shows cases where it is possible for nonfinites to have different markers but express very similar meaning. For example e-tiñ ellu and fi-tiñ ellu both mean 'to eat/eating meat'.The scientific debate and the research objectives:The formation of Eegimaa nonfinites raises a number of questions of relevance to linguistic theory. The first two scenarios presented above raise questions relating to derivation and the direction of such derivations (see Bauer & Valera 2005). The second case where a word flexibly functions as a noun or a verb relates to the ongoing debate on the verb and noun part of speech distinctions in the languages of the world (Bisang 2011, Croft 2000, Hopper & Thompson 1985), and in African languages where Houis (1981) proposes to distinguish nominals from flexible verbo nominals as the two major parts of speech, whereas Creissels (2010) proposes three major categories: 'nominals', 'verbals' and 'verbo-nominals' for Mandinka. When Eegimaa gender markers attach to nouns, they overtly indicate the membership of those nouns to a gender and reflect a mental categorization of entities which those nouns denote (Sagna Accepted). The research hypothesis proposed here is that the combination of different gender markers with nonfinite verbs is a manifestation of an overt verb categorization system (McGregor 2002) which also reflects a mental categorization of actions, events and states described by verbs. The extent to which the categorization of nouns is related to that of verbs will be determined as part of this project.Research methodology:This project will begin with an examination of an existing database of 37 hours of recordings, 18 of which have been annotated and archived with the Endangered Languages Archive at SOAS. I will conduct two two-month fieldwork trips to collect data using standard data collection methods such as elicitation and participant observation and adapt the experiments I used to investigate the semantic principles underlying the categorization of nouns in Eegimaa.

现象：我们目前对人类分类过程的理解是哲学、心理学、语言学和人类学等学科研究的结果。分类是人类将物体等实体归类为不同类别的心理过程。在语言学中，对语法系统的研究，如名词分类系统（例如，Lakoff（1987）和动词分类系统（McGregor 2002），本研究的目的是通过对《Gújjolaay Eegimaa》中动词范畴化这一不寻常的语法现象的研究，为范畴化研究做出贡献（Eegimaa）和塞内加尔南部所讲的尼日尔刚果语系的相关和邻近的大西洋语系。这种分类在Eegimaa语法中表现为使用不同的性别标记来构成非限定动词。非限定动词传统上包括不定式、动名词和分词（Nikolaeva 2007）。在英语中，不定式是由规则的过程形成的，比如使用助词“to”来形成不定式（例如，to eat），动词的ing结尾构成动名词（例如，reading books）和分词（例如，煎锅）。Eegimaa和邻近的语言有不寻常的性质，形成非限定动词的不规则过程中使用不同的性别标记。在Eegimaa证实了三种主要情况。首先，动词和名词可能有相同的词根，但有不同的性别标记，其含义相关，如ma rem 'to drink，drinking' vs. e rem 'drink'。第二，一个动词和一个名词可能有完全相同的形式，没有任何迹象表明一个是从另一个派生出来的，就像e-lob 'to speak/speaking/speech'一样。第三种情况显示了非限定词可能有不同的标记，但表达非常相似的含义。例如e-tiellu和fi-tiellu都是“吃/吃肉”的意思。科学争论和研究目标：Eegimaa nonfinites的形成提出了一些与语言学理论相关的问题。上面提出的前两种情况提出了与衍生和这种衍生的方向有关的问题（见Bauer和瓦莱拉，2005）。第二种情况是一个词灵活地充当名词或动词，这与世界上各种语言中动词和名词的词性区别有关（Bisang 2011，Croft 2000，Hopper & Thompson 1985），在非洲语言中，Houis（1981）提出将名词和灵活动词名词区分为两个主要的词性，而克赖塞尔（2010）提出了三个主要类别：“名词”，“动词”和“动词-名词”的曼丁卡。当Eegimaa性别标记附加到名词上时，它们公开地表明这些名词对性别的成员资格，并反映了这些名词所指实体的心理分类（萨尼亚接受）。本文提出的研究假设是，不同性别标记与非限定动词的组合是一种显性动词分类系统（McGregor 2002）的表现，它也反映了对动词所描述的动作、事件和状态的心理分类。研究方法：本项目将开始，对现有的37小时录音数据库进行检查，其中18小时已被注释，并在SOAS濒危语言档案馆存档。我将进行两次为期两个月的实地考察，使用标准的数据收集方法（如启发和参与观察）收集数据，并调整我用来调查Eegimaa中名词分类的语义原则的实验。