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Twitter rape threats and the discourse of online misogyny

Twitter 强奸威胁和网上厌女症言论

基本信息

批准号：
ES/L008874/1
负责人：
Claire Hardaker
金额：
$ 19.32万
依托单位：
Lancaster University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL008874%2F1
关键词：
Twitter rape threats discourse online

项目摘要

In July 2013, after Caroline Criado-Perez successfully campaigned to have a woman appear on an English banknote, she was inundated with misogynistic abuse on Twitter involving graphic, sadistic, and repeated threats of rape and murder. When MP Stella Creasy defended Criado-Perez, she received similar abuse, and in the following days this escalated into bomb threats sent to several public figures such as academic Mary Beard and celebrity Coleen Nolan.There is a remarkable lack of research into such behaviour making an evidence based approach to it problematic for investigative bodies, parliamentarians, and academics. Despite this, policymakers and legislators are under intense pressure to make quick, long-term decisions on relevant policy and procedure. Indeed, the Department for Culture, Media & Sport Committee (DCMS) Select Committee has already announced an autumn inquiry into harmful online content.With the above in mind this project will provide urgently-needed insight into those who send extreme online misogynistic threats. Specifically, we will investigate what their language reveals about (1) their concerns, interests, and ideologies; what concept do they seem to have of themselves and their role in society? (2) their motivations and goals; what seems to trigger them? What do they seem to be seeking? and (3) the links between them and other individuals, topics, and behaviours; do they only produce misogynistic threats or do they engage in other hate-speech? Do they act alone or within networks?To tackle such questions we will start by exploring a seed corpus of nearly 300 such tweets, already given to the project by Criado-Perez and Creasy, for links to related accounts, tweets, topics, and so forth. This content will be downloaded into a large, rich, finely-structured, multi-layered corpus of abuse containing content and accounts that clearly link back to the original abusive tweets. Whilst it would be possible to analyse the seed corpus alone, corpus-based methods harness computing power to enable the rapid, reliable analyses of massive linguistic datasets. Using this approach allows us to undertake a more general analysis of misogynistic hate-speech (i.e. as directed at non-high-profile figures) rather than simply focus purely upon the high-profile cases currently driving debate in this area. By doing this, we open up the possibility of revealing large-scale trends that would be hidden, if not entirely absent, from small datasets like the seed corpus. This project aims to advance research into misogynistic online threats in a sufficiently timely manner to engage with public concern, inform policy (e.g. the DCMS inquiry), and advise legislators. Our first task then will be to explore the questions: (1) "What can we learn about the rape threat trolls?" and (2) "Why do they make rape threats?" Since we anticipate that these will be of greatest immediate value to our non-academic research users, we plan on largely completing them in the first third of the project's timespan. We will then expand the project to answer objective (3) "What else do rape threat trolls do?" with a view to identifying whether they also engage in more general online hate-speech. Throughout this project, we will also address two methodological objectives: (4) "What is the most appropriate structure for our corpus?" and (5) "What are the most appropriate methods (from the suite of corpus-based methods) for interrogating our corpus?"In summary, this project will be relevant to several social sciences including sociology, criminology, politics, psychology, and law. It also offers timely insight in an area where policy, practice, and legislation is currently under intense scrutiny and requires such research to help shape future developments. As such, the results will likely be of interest to legislators, policymakers, investigative bodies, and law enforcement agencies, as well as the study participants, media, and general public.

2013 年 7 月，卡罗琳·克里亚多-佩雷斯 (Caroline Criado-Perez) 成功争取在英国钞票上出现女性形象后，她在 Twitter 上遭到了大量厌恶女性的谩骂，其中包括图片、虐待狂以及一再的强奸和谋杀威胁。当议员斯特拉·克雷西 (Stella Creasy) 为克里亚多·佩雷斯 (Criado-Perez) 辩护时，她也受到了类似的辱骂，并在接下来的几天里升级为向学者玛丽·比尔德 (Mary Beard) 和名人科琳·诺兰 (Coleen Nolan) 等几位公众人物发出炸弹威胁。对此类行为的研究明显缺乏，这使得调查机构、议员和学者难以采用基于证据的方法来解决这一问题。尽管如此，政策制定者和立法者仍面临着就相关政策和程序做出快速、长期决策的巨大压力。事实上，文化、媒体和体育部 (DCMS) 特别委员会已经宣布对有害在线内容进行秋季调查。考虑到上述情况，该项目将为那些在网上发送极端厌恶女性威胁的人提供迫切需要的见解。具体来说，我们将调查他们的语言揭示了哪些内容：（1）他们的关注点、兴趣和意识形态；他们对自己以及自己在社会中的角色有什么概念？ (2) 他们的动机和目标；是什么触发了他们？他们似乎在寻找什么？ (3) 他们与其他个人、话题和行为之间的联系；他们只产生厌恶女性的威胁还是参与其他仇恨言论？它们是单独行动还是在网络内行动？为了解决这些问题，我们将首先探索包含近 300 条此类推文的种子语料库，这些推文已由 Criado-Perez 和 Creasy 提供给该项目，以获取相关帐户、推文、主题等的链接。这些内容将被下载到一个大型、丰富、结构精细、多层的滥用语料库中，其中包含明确链接回原始滥用推文的内容和帐户。虽然可以单独分析种子语料库，但基于语料库的方法可以利用计算能力来快速、可靠地分析大量语言数据集。使用这种方法使我们能够对厌恶女性的仇恨言论（即针对非知名人物）进行更全面的分析，而不是简单地纯粹关注当前在该领域引发辩论的引人注目的案例。通过这样做，我们开辟了揭示大规模趋势的可能性，这些趋势在种子语料库等小型数据集中隐藏（如果不是完全不存在的话）。该项目旨在及时推进对厌恶女性的在线威胁的研究，以引起公众的关注、为政策提供信息（例如 DCMS 调查）并为立法者提供建议。我们的首要任务将是探索以下问题：（1）“关于强奸威胁巨魔，我们能了解到什么？” (2)“他们为什么发出强奸威胁？”由于我们预计这些将对我们的非学术研究用户具有最大的直接价值，因此我们计划在项目时间跨度的前三分之一内大部分完成它们。然后，我们将扩展该项目以回答目标 (3)“强奸威胁巨魔还做什么？”以确定他们是否也参与更普遍的在线仇恨言论。在整个项目中，我们还将解决两个方法目标：（4）“我们的语料库最合适的结构是什么？” （5）“用于询问我们的语料库的最合适的方法（来自基于语料库的方法套件）是什么？”总而言之，该项目将与包括社会学、犯罪学、政治学、心理学和法律在内的多个社会科学相关。它还为政策、实践和立法目前受到严格审查的领域提供了及时的见解，并需要此类研究来帮助塑造未来的发展。因此，立法者、政策制定者、调查机构和执法机构以及研究参与者、媒体和公众可能会对研究结果感兴趣。