Born talking: using birth cohort data on speech, language and communication to inform policy and practice

天生会说话：利用出生队列的言语、语言和沟通数据为政策和实践提供信息

• 批准号: ES/M00287X/1
• 负责人: Jan McAllister
• 金额: $ 3.2万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FM00287X%2F1
• 关键词: Born; talking; using; birth; cohort

An individual's speech, language and communication (SLC) abilities affect almost every aspect of their life - for example, their access to information, their participation in activities that involve engagement with others, such as education, work, cultural activity, personal relationships and social interaction, and the impact that all of the foregoing have on their emotional well-being, quality of life and sense of identity. The 2008 Bercow review of services for children and young people with SLC needs found that policy makers and commissioners of services are often unaware of the crucial role of SLC developmentally, and of the importance of early identification and intervention, and so fail to prioritise services addressing these needs. Part of the reason for this may be the tendency for SLC research studies to employ relatively small samples of individuals attending clinic, which may not be representative of the larger population; for example, only about a third of children with SLC needs are seen in clinic, and attendance is influenced by socio-demographic factors. Such studies also tend to focus on a narrow range of variables, whereas we know that SLC development is affected by very many factors.By contrast, birth cohort studies, which follow the development of a group of individuals throughout the lifespan, typically sample thousands of people and collect data on a diverse range of factors, such as social and economic status, education, and physical and mental health, not just from participants but also from their family, doctors and teachers. Britain has a particularly strong tradition of birth cohort studies, with major studies being initiated in the 1940s, 1950s, 1970s, 1990s and 2000s, and a new study of 1000,000 babies about to commence. Birth cohort studies have been carried out in many other countries as well, including Australia, New Zealand, Scandinavia and the United States. Many of the datasets are freely available to the research community. Because of their large size and generalizability, birth cohort datasets have been widely used in many fields including economics, education, psychology, sociology and health, where the research findings have had important implications for policy and practice. However, compared with these other disciplines, SLC researchers have made relatively little use of birth cohort data, and many professionals, policy makers and other SLC stakeholders are unaware of their existence and potential.The goal of this seminar series is to bring together stakeholders with an interest in SLC - researchers, professionals, policy makers and user organisations - with a view to developing fruitful collaborations around the birth cohort datasets in the field of SLC. In addition to researchers, practitioners, user organisations and policy-makers based in the UK, the series will involve participants from Australia, the USA and other European countries. By presenting past and ongoing research using the international birth cohort datasets, we will familiarise stakeholders with their existence and their potential for SLC-related research, and challenge orthodox opinions about SLC that have arisen as a result of using non-representative data. We aim to increase the useage of the datasets, not just for research and but also for teaching in SLC by demonstrating practical skills such as access to and analysis of the data. The series will increase research capacity in this area as it will be publicised among PhD students, early career researchers and practitioners, and will be available online. As a result of the series, we will generate research questions that are relevant to users, practitioners and policy makers. We will also develop strategies for influencing teams collecting future birth cohorts so that SLC data are collected and measures are designed in an appropriate way. Finally, we will promote publication using the birth cohort data, including a special issue of a journal.

一个人的言语、语言和沟通能力几乎影响到其生活的方方面面-例如，他们获得信息的机会，他们参与涉及与他人交往的活动，如教育、工作、文化活动、个人关系和社会交往，以及所有上述对他们的情感健康、生活质量和认同感的影响。2008年Bercow对有特殊学习能力需求的儿童和青少年服务进行的审查发现，政策制定者和服务专员往往不了解特殊学习能力在发展中的关键作用，以及早期识别和干预的重要性，因此未能优先考虑满足这些需求的服务。其部分原因可能是SLC研究倾向于采用相对较小的个体样本参加诊所，这可能不代表较大的人口;例如，只有大约三分之一的儿童SLC需要在诊所看到，而出勤率受社会人口因素的影响。这类研究往往只关注一小部分变量，而我们知道SLC的发展受很多因素的影响。相比之下，出生队列研究，跟踪一组个体在整个生命周期中的发展，通常会对数千人进行抽样，并收集各种因素的数据，如社会和经济地位，教育，身体和心理健康，不仅来自参与者，也来自他们的家人、医生和老师。英国有着特别强大的出生队列研究传统，主要研究始于20世纪40年代、50年代、70年代、90年代和21世纪初，一项针对100万名婴儿的新研究即将开始。许多其他国家也进行了出生队列研究，包括澳大利亚、新西兰、斯堪的纳维亚和美国。许多数据集可供研究界免费使用。由于其庞大的规模和普遍性，出生队列数据集已被广泛应用于许多领域，包括经济学，教育，心理学，社会学和健康，其中的研究成果具有重要的政策和实践意义。然而，与其他学科相比，SLC研究人员对出生队列数据的利用相对较少，许多专业人员，政策制定者和其他SLC利益相关者并不知道它们的存在和潜力。本系列研讨会的目标是将对SLC感兴趣的利益相关者聚集在一起-研究人员，专业人员，政策制定者和用户组织-以期围绕SLC领域的出生队列数据集开展富有成效的合作。除了英国的研究人员、从业人员、用户组织和政策制定者外，该系列还将涉及来自澳大利亚、美国和其他欧洲国家的参与者。通过使用国际出生队列数据集展示过去和正在进行的研究，我们将使利益相关者熟悉它们的存在及其对SLC相关研究的潜力，并挑战由于使用非代表性数据而产生的关于SLC的正统观点。我们的目标是增加数据集的使用，不仅用于研究，而且通过展示实用技能，如数据的访问和分析，用于SLC的教学。该系列将提高该领域的研究能力，因为它将在博士生、早期职业研究人员和从业者中进行宣传，并将在网上提供。作为该系列的结果，我们将产生与用户，从业人员和决策者相关的研究问题。我们还将制定影响收集未来出生队列的团队的战略，以便收集SLC数据并以适当的方式设计措施。最后，我们将促进使用出生队列数据的出版，包括期刊特刊。