Harnessing growth sectors for poverty reduction: what works to reduce poverty through sustainable employment with opportunities for progression

利用增长部门减少贫困：通过可持续就业和进步机会来减少贫困的有效方法

• 批准号: ES/M007111/1
• 负责人: Anne Green
• 金额: $ 22.64万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FM007111%2F1
• 关键词: Harnessing; growth; sectors; poverty; reduction

Traditionally employment has been seen as a key route out of poverty. People in employment are less likely to be in poverty than those without paid work but the benefits of entry into employment where pay is low are questionable, especially if they form part of a 'no pay, low pay cycle'. For poverty reduction a focus solely on moving into work is insufficient.In-work poverty has become an increasingly important issue as labour market changes have led to changing working practices (e.g. fragmentation of working hours and zero hours contacts, etc) and a broader polarisation between lower paid and higher paid jobs which impedes progression in employment as a route out of poverty. More 'good' jobs are needed that poor people can access and progress in if more sustainable exits from poverty are to be achieved.Following the economic crisis of 2008/9 there has been a renewed interest in industrial policy in attempts to stimulate economic growth. Governments have identified specific sectors (so called 'growth sectors' or 'strategic sectors') as a focus of policy attention. The proposed research seeks to fill a gap in evidence about 'what works' in harnessing growth sectors for poverty reduction - in recognition that growth sectors: (1) generate opportunities for those out of work to move into; (2) are the focus of policy to support the growth of opportunity; (3) are more likely to experience skills deficiencies, so encouraging engagement with skills and training providers; and (4) may be seeking to reduce staff turnover through developing more clearly defined progression opportunities. Hence the research addresses two of the Welsh Government's strategic priorities: (i) tackling poverty and (ii) promoting jobs and growth.The proposed research focus consists of four elements which together synthesise and assess evidence on how growth sectors may be used for poverty reduction.Element I provides contextual and quantitative analyses of growth sectors. It identifies growth sectors, the number and profile of jobs therein and their growth trajectories. It uses existing large survey data sets to examine how people move between and within growth sectors, and whether and how such moves help people to move out of poverty. It also identifies which sectors offer the best opportunities for progression out of poverty.Element II focuses on reviews of the existing national and international evidence on 'what works' in helping poor people gain entry to growth sectors and how their employment progression can be facilitated. It also examines evidence on how job quality in growth sectors can be enhanced. 'Good practice' examples of relevance to the Welsh context will be identified.Element III involves six in-depth case studies of practical initiatives to harness growth sectors for poverty reduction. A mix of 'top-down' approaches driven by national governments and 'bottom-up' approaches led by local authorities and groups of employers in particular sectors will be examined.Element IV brings together and tests the findings of the research, emphasising what policy levers are available for harnessing growth sectors for poverty reduction, and how they might be best used. Stakeholders will be invited to participate in this process of knowledge generation and transfer at workshops held in different parts of Wales in an attempt to maximise the applicability of the 'what works' findings to the Welsh context.Together the different elements of the research project, involving secondary data analysis, evidence reviews and case studies, will address gaps in:- existing knowledge on job mobility and poverty;- interventions to support entry to, progression, and job quality in growth sectors; and- how public policy can address poverty by facilitating sustainable employment in growth sectors.

传统上，就业一直被视为摆脱贫困的关键途径。有工作的人比没有有报酬工作的人更不可能陷入贫困，但进入低工资就业的好处是值得怀疑的，特别是如果他们构成“无工资，低工资周期”的一部分。就减贫而言，仅仅关注就业是不够的，因为劳动力市场的变化导致工作做法的改变（例如工作时间分散和零小时接触等），以及低收入和高收入工作之间的两极分化，阻碍了就业作为脱贫途径的进展，因此，工作中的贫穷已成为一个日益重要的问题。如果要实现更可持续的脱贫，就需要有更多的“好”工作，使穷人能够获得并取得进展。2008/2009年经济危机之后，人们重新对产业政策产生了兴趣，试图刺激经济增长。各国政府确定了具体部门（所谓的“增长部门”或“战略部门”）作为政策关注的重点。拟议的研究旨在填补在利用增长部门促进减贫方面“哪些措施有效”的证据空白-认识到增长部门：（1）为失业者创造进入的机会;（2）是支持机会增长的政策重点;（3）更有可能遇到技能不足的问题，因此鼓励与技能和培训提供者接触;及（4）可能透过发展更明确界定的晋升机会，以减少员工流失。因此，这项研究涉及威尔士政府的两个战略优先事项：（一）解决贫困问题和（二）促进就业和增长，拟议的研究重点包括四个要素，综合和评估关于如何利用增长部门减少贫困的证据，要素一提供增长部门的背景和定量分析。它确定了增长部门、其中的就业数量和概况及其增长轨迹。它利用现有的大型调查数据集，研究人们如何在增长部门之间和增长部门内部流动，以及这种流动是否和如何帮助人们摆脱贫困。第二部分重点审查现有的国家和国际证据，说明“哪些措施有效”帮助穷人进入增长部门，以及如何促进他们的就业进展。报告还审查了如何提高增长部门就业质量的证据。将确定与威尔士情况有关的“良好做法”实例，第三部分涉及六个深入的案例研究，涉及利用增长部门促进减贫的实际举措。将审查由国家政府推动的“自上而下”的方法和由地方当局和特定部门的雇主团体领导的“自下而上”的方法。要素四汇集并检验研究结果，强调可以利用哪些政策杠杆来利用增长部门减少贫困，以及如何最好地利用这些杠杆。利益攸关方将被邀请参加在威尔士不同地区举办的讲习班，参与知识生成和转让的过程，以尽量扩大“有效办法”研究结果对威尔士情况的适用性。- 采取干预措施，支持进入增长部门，促进增长，提高就业质量;以及-公共政策如何通过促进增长部门的可持续就业来解决贫困问题。

项目成果

Low-pay sectors, earnings mobility and economic policy in the UK

英国的低薪行业、收入流动性和经济政策

• DOI: 10.1332/030557317x15072086455899
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Policy & Politics
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Lee N

Inclusive Growth in cities: a sympathetic critique

城市的包容性增长：同情的批评

• DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2018.1476753
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Regional Studies
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Lee N

Making progress? The challenges and opportunities for increasing wage and career progression

取得进展？

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Sissons P

Growth Sectors: Data Analysis on Employment Change, Wages and Poverty

增长部门：就业变化、工资和贫困数据分析

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Green A.

Do low-skilled workers gain from high-tech employment growth? High-technology multipliers, employment and wages in Britain

• DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2019.05.012
• 发表时间: 2019-11-01
• 期刊: RESEARCH POLICY
• 影响因子: 7.2
• 作者: Lee, Neil;Clarke, Stephen
• 通讯作者: Clarke, Stephen