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Delineating self-other processes in social cognition: Insights from neuropsychology and brain stimulation

描绘社会认知中的自我-他人过程：来自神经心理学和大脑刺激的见解

基本信息

批准号：
ES/N00325X/1
负责人：
Idalmis Santiesteban
金额：
$ 35.88万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN00325X%2F1
关键词：
Delineating self other processes social

项目摘要

To develop and maintain the long-lasting social relationships crucial for our wellbeing, people must be able not only to identify and connect with others, but also to differentiate their own thoughts and feelings from those of other people. This process of distinguishing self from other (self-other distinction) is important, for example, when sharing the affective state of another person- where emotions of the other influence those of the self (e.g. your sadness makes me feel sad) - but also when responding to the person in distress, where mental representations of self and other must be kept separate (e.g. it is you who is in pain, not me; therefore I will try to comfort you). If the ability to distinguish self from other is impaired, this can result in personal distress, which in turn can hinder the ability to respond empathically to the person in need. The experiments in this proposal seek to gain a better understanding of the processes involved in self-other distinction within social interaction and will employ a range of behavioural and social neuroscience methods in three convergent streams of research. The first one will assess the empathic abilities of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and mirror-touch synaesthesia (MTS; individuals who experience touch on their own bodies when observing another being touched), in the context of both sharing the emotional state of others and providing an appropriate empathic response to the person in need. The results from these studies will provide a better understanding of the level of social impairment in both ASD and MTS and could potentially provide empirical support to the view that individuals with autism do not lack empathy per se, but that instead, impaired self-other distinction might prevent them from responding empathically to others. Furthermore, these findings could also shed light on how self-other processes typically operate. The second stream will use non-invasive brain stimulation to enhance self-other processing in both atypical groups (MTS and ASD) and in healthy individuals. Finally, the third stream will combine the same brain stimulation technique with neuroimaging in order to gain a better understanding of how brain stimulation affects the connectivity patterns between different brain regions involved in self-other processing. The findings from Streams 2 and 3 will provide a better insight into the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting a range of social abilities including empathising with others, imitating another's action, controlling the tendency to imitate others and distinguishing between our own face and that of another person. This proposal affords a unique opportunity to understanding key processes underlying our ability to interact with others. Although most of us take this ability for granted, little is known about how precisely this happens. Furthermore, for individuals with known social impairments such as those with ASD, difficulties in controlling self-other representations in different social contexts can have severe impacts in their personal, family and professional lives. Therefore, the questions addressed by these experiments are important for both advancing scientific theories of social interaction and for devising future therapeutic interventions in clinical populations where self-other processes have broken down.

为了发展和维持对我们的福祉至关重要的长期社会关系，人们不仅要能够识别和与他人联系，还要能够区分自己的想法和感受。这个将自己与他人区分开来的过程（自我-他人区分）是重要的，例如，当分享另一个人的情感状态时-他人的情感影响自我的情感（例如，你的悲伤让我感到悲伤）-而且在回应处于困境中的人时，自我和他人的心理表征必须保持分离（这是你的痛苦，而不是我;因此，我将试图安慰你）。如果区分自我与他人的能力受损，这可能会导致个人痛苦，这反过来又会阻碍对有需要的人做出同情反应的能力。本提案中的实验旨在更好地了解社会互动中自我-他人区分所涉及的过程，并将在三个趋同的研究流中采用一系列行为和社会神经科学方法。第一个将评估患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和镜像触摸通感（MTS）的个体的移情能力;当观察另一个人被触摸时，他们会在自己的身体上经历触摸），在分享他人情绪状态的背景下，并为有需要的人提供适当的移情反应。这些研究的结果将更好地了解ASD和MTS的社会障碍水平，并可能为自闭症患者本身并不缺乏同理心的观点提供实证支持，相反，受损的自我-他人区分可能会阻止他们对他人做出同理心反应。此外，这些发现还可以揭示自我-他人过程通常是如何运作的。第二个流程将使用非侵入性脑刺激来增强非典型组（MTS和ASD）和健康个体的自我-他人处理。最后，第三个流程将联合收割机与神经成像结合使用相同的脑刺激技术，以便更好地了解脑刺激如何影响参与自我-他人处理的不同脑区之间的连接模式。流2和流3的发现将更好地洞察支持一系列社交能力的潜在认知和神经机制，包括同情他人，模仿他人的行为，控制模仿他人的倾向以及区分我们自己的脸和另一个人的脸。这一建议提供了一个独特的机会，了解我们与他人互动能力的关键过程。虽然我们大多数人认为这种能力是理所当然的，但很少有人知道这种能力是如何发生的。此外，对于患有ASD等已知社会障碍的人来说，在不同的社会背景下控制自我-他人表征的困难可能会对他们的个人，家庭和职业生活产生严重影响。因此，这些实验所解决的问题对于推进社会互动的科学理论和设计未来的自我-他人过程已经崩溃的临床人群的治疗干预都很重要。