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Rethinking Environment and Development in an Era of Global Norms: Exploring international politics of justice on carbon forestry and hydropower

全球规范时代的环境与发展反思：碳林水电正义国际政治探索

基本信息

批准号：
ES/N005740/1
负责人：
Thomas Sikor
金额：
$ 20.68万
依托单位：
University of East Anglia
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN005740%2F1
关键词：
Rethinking Environment Development Era Global

项目摘要

The research responds to the unprecedented emergence of global environmental norms intended to reconcile natural resource management with poverty alleviation. Prominent examples of such norms are the social safeguards included in global conventions and the human rights-based rulings of international courts. The norms possess the potential to transform development practice in the future, so long as they effectively support poor people's claims on natural resources and rights to sustainable livelihoods.The increasing significance of global environmental norms challenges research to develop new theory on the dynamics of environment and development that attends to cross-scale relationships between local environmental struggles, environmental mobilizations and global norms. This research employs an environmental justice lens to examine the effects of global environmental norms on poverty alleviation in the Global South through explorations of forests and water.The proposed research expands the political ecology approach through attention to notions of environmental justice and cross-scale environmental politics. Notions of justice are at the core of many environmental struggles, as they inform people's claims and practices in relation to natural resources. Justice conceptions are also an integral component of international environmental politics and global environmental norms. Thus ideas about justice are an integral element of environmental politics across scales, connecting local struggles to mobilizations at national and international levels as well as the conceptions informing global norms - or causing dissonances between them.Research in stage 1 proceeded by way of four case studies from Nepal, Sudan and Uganda on how marginalized people's struggles in reaction to carbon forestry and hydropower projects are, or are not taken up in environmental mobilizations, and how this uptake does, or does not contribute to increases in wellbeing.The particular objectives guiding the research in stage 2 are to:(1) Generate empirical insights on the resonance of global norms and international mobilisations with environmental struggles by examining international politics of justice on carbon forestry and hydropower.(2) Combine the empirical insights from stage 1 and 2 to develop new theory on cross-scale dynamics of environment and development.(3) Support practitioners involved in environmental mobilisations in generating impact in low-income countries through novel forms of engagement.Research in stage 2 will trace references to the struggles examined in our stage 1 research in negotiations over the so-called Safeguards on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and international court cases dealing with hydropower projects in the South. The research team will synthesize their findings in a theoretical and two case-based journal articles. In addition, the insights from stage 1 and stage 2 will inform the development of a theoretical paper on cross-scale dynamics of environment and development.The project team will also expand the cooperation with environmental activists on the basis of the insights gained in stage 1 research, using think tanks and workshops to create new forums for engaging activists, professionals and government officials. Such forums facilitate involved actors to develop shared ideas about justice and apply them to the REDD+ Safeguards and international water law.

这项研究是针对旨在协调自然资源管理与减贫的全球环境规范的空前出现而进行的。这类规范的突出例子是全球公约所载的社会保障措施和国际法院基于人权的裁决。这些规范具有改变未来发展实践的潜力，只要它们有效地支持穷人对自然资源的要求和可持续生计的权利，全球环境规范的日益重要性对研究提出了挑战，要求开发关于环境与发展动态的新理论，关注地方环境斗争、环境动员和全球规范之间的跨尺度关系。本研究从环境正义的透镜出发，通过对森林和水资源的探索，考察全球环境规范对全球南方减贫的影响，并通过对环境正义和跨尺度环境政治的关注，拓展了政治生态学的研究方法。正义的概念是许多环境斗争的核心，因为它们影响着人们对自然资源的主张和做法。正义概念也是国际环境政治和全球环境规范的一个组成部分。因此，关于正义的理念是环境政治的一个组成部分，它将地方斗争与国家和国际层面的动员联系起来，并将影响全球规范的概念联系起来--或者导致它们之间的不和谐。第一阶段的研究通过来自尼泊尔、苏丹和乌干达的四个案例研究进行，研究被边缘化的人们如何对碳林业和水电项目做出反应，在第二阶段指导研究的具体目标是：（1）通过研究碳林业和水电的国际正义政治，对全球规范和国际动员与环境斗争的共振产生经验性的见解。(2)联合收割机结合第一阶段和第二阶段的经验性见解，发展关于环境与发展的跨尺度动态的新理论。(3)支持参与环境动员的从业者通过新的参与形式在低收入国家产生影响。第二阶段的研究将追溯我们在第一阶段研究中所研究的关于所谓的减少毁林和森林退化排放的保障措施（REDD+）谈判中的斗争。根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》和处理南方水电项目的国际法庭案件。研究小组将在一篇理论和两篇基于案例的期刊文章中综合他们的发现。此外，第一阶段和第二阶段的研究成果将为环境与发展跨尺度动态的理论论文的撰写提供信息，项目团队还将在第一阶段研究成果的基础上，通过智库和研讨会，扩大与环保活动家的合作，为环保活动家、专业人士和政府官员创造新的论坛。这些论坛有助于参与者形成关于正义的共同想法，并将其应用于REDD+保障措施和国际水法。