Mental Health, Migration and the Chinese Mega-City

心理健康、移民和中国特大城市

• 批准号: ES/N010892/1
• 负责人: Nick Manning
• 金额: $ 67.67万
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN010892%2F1
• 关键词: Mental; Health; Migration; Chinese; Mega

We have known, since at least the early twentieth century, that there is an association between living in a city and being diagnosed with a mental illness. But questions around the specificity of relationship between urban life and have continued well into the twenty-first century. We still don't know, for example, exactly why mental illness clusters in cities; we don't know how it relates to experiences of urban poverty, deprivation, overcrowding, social exclusion, and racism; and we don't know the precise biological and sociological mechanisms that turn difficult urban lives into diagnosable mental health conditions. What we *do* know is that migrants into cities bear a disproportionately large share of the burden of urban mental illness; we know that dense living conditions seem to exacerbate the problem; and we know that the general stress, tumult and precarity of urban living can, sometimes, create the basis for the development of clinical problems.If there are unanswered questions around the relationship between mental health and the city, these questions are particularly acute in contemporary China: China has urbanised at an unprecedented rate in the last decade, and has now become a majority urban society. But whereas in nineteenth-century Europe urbanization came from a growth in population, in twenty-first century China the situation is different: most of the growth is from rural migrants coming into the cities. In China, then, the link between urban transformation and mental illness is a critical issue: (1) Development in China is related to migration from the countryside into the cities; (2) Unrecognized and untreated mental disorder is a key factor in casting individuals and families into poverty and social exclusion; (3) Effective development of urban mental health policu requires far greater understanding of the related problems of urban stress, precarious living conditions and mental disorderThis project is an attempt to understand the relationship between migration and mental health in one Chinese mega-city: Shanghai. Given what we know about the relationship between urban mental health and particular patterns of social life (poverty, migration, dense housing, and so on), it starts from the position that this question requires new input from the social sciences. At the heart of the project is an attempt to mix what we know about mental health in contemporary Shanghai with a new kind of close-up, street-level data on what the daily experience of being a migrant on Shanghai is actually life - especially with regard to stress, housing, and access to services. We will then connect these two forms of knowledge to produce a new kind of survey for getting a new sociological deep surveying instrument for mapping migrant mental health in Shanghai. The project, which is split between researchers in the UK and China, asks: (1) How is mental disorder actually patterned in Shanghai, and how is that pattern affected by recent migration? (2) How are immigrants absorbed in Shanghai, and what is daily life actually like in Shanghai's migrant communities? (3) What policies, services, or laws might alleviate mental health among migrants in Shanghai? (4) What can be learned in Shanghai for similar problems in other developing mega-cities (such as Sao Paolo or Lagos). This project should also us to also produce new data on two of the major research-areas that are prioritised under this join UK-China research-scheme: 'Migration and public services,' where we will look at the relationship between the welfare system and migration, and analyse the services that currently help to alleviate this problem, as well as migrants' access to those services; (2) 'Inequalities and everyday life,' where we will develop a close-up, street-level analysis of the lived inequalities of everyday migrant life in Shanghai, and try to understand how urban inequality might contribute to the development of mental health problems?

至少从世纪早期开始，我们就知道，生活在城市和被诊断患有精神疾病之间存在联系。但是，围绕城市生活与城市之间关系的特殊性的问题一直持续到二十一世纪世纪。例如，我们仍然不知道为什么精神疾病在城市聚集;我们不知道它与城市贫困、剥夺、过度拥挤、社会排斥和种族主义的经历有何关系;我们不知道将困难的城市生活转化为可诊断的精神健康状况的确切生物学和社会学机制。我们所知道的是，进入城市的移民承担了城市精神疾病负担的不成比例的大部分;我们知道，密集的生活条件似乎加剧了这个问题;我们知道，城市生活的普遍压力、混乱和不稳定有时会为临床问题的发展奠定基础。如果围绕心理健康与城市之间的关系存在未解之谜，这些问题在当代中国尤为尖锐：在过去的十年里，中国以前所未有的速度城市化，现在已经成为一个城市人口占多数的社会。但是，19世纪欧洲的城市化源于人口增长，而21世纪的中国情况不同：大部分增长来自农村移民进入城市。因此，在中国，城市转型与精神疾病之间的联系是一个关键问题：（1）中国的发展与从农村向城市的移民有关;（2）未被认识和治疗的精神疾病是使个人和家庭陷入贫困和社会排斥的关键因素;（3）城市心理健康政策的有效制定需要对城市压力的相关问题有更深入的了解，不稳定的生活条件和精神疾病这个项目试图了解中国一个大城市：上海的移民和精神健康之间的关系。考虑到我们对城市心理健康与特定社会生活模式（贫困、移民、密集住房等）之间关系的了解，我们的出发点是，这个问题需要社会科学的新投入。该项目的核心是试图将我们对当代上海心理健康的了解与一种新的近距离街头数据相结合，这些数据是关于上海移民的日常经历实际上是生活-特别是关于压力，住房和获得服务的情况。我们将这两种知识形式结合起来，产生一种新的调查方式，从而获得一种新的社会学深度测量工具，用于绘制上海市流动人口的心理健康状况。该项目由英国和中国的研究人员共同参与，其问题是：（1）上海的精神障碍实际上是如何形成的，这种模式如何受到最近移民的影响？(2)上海是如何吸收外来移民的？上海外来移民社区的日常生活究竟是怎样的？(3)哪些政策、服务或法律可以缓解上海流动人口的心理健康问题？(4)对于其他发展中的特大城市（如圣保罗或拉各斯）的类似问题，上海可以学到什么？该项目还将为英中联合研究计划优先考虑的两个主要研究领域提供新数据：“移民与公共服务”，我们将研究福利制度与移民之间的关系，并分析目前有助于缓解这一问题的服务，以及移民获得这些服务的情况;（2）“不平等与日常生活”，我们将对上海流动人口日常生活中的生活不平等进行近距离的街头分析，并试图了解城市不平等如何导致心理健康问题的发展？

项目成果

The situation of mental health in migration: A cross sectional study in Shanghai

流动人口心理健康状况：上海的横断面研究

• 期刊: International Health
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Lei Wang

Mental Health and the Ecology of Urban Experience: Migrant Lives in Shanghai City Centre

心理健康与城市体验的生态：上海市中心的移民生活

• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Amin, A.

What was sociology?

什么是社会学？

• DOI: 10.1177/0952695118808935
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: History of the Human Sciences
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Fitzgerald D

Life Amidst Rubble: Migrant Mental Health and the Management of Subjectivity in Urban China

废墟中的生活：流动人口的心理健康与中国城市的主体性管理

• DOI: 10.17863/cam.30495
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Amin A

Stress and the ecology of urban experience: Migrant mental lives in central Shanghai

• DOI: 10.1111/tran.12386
• 发表时间: 2020-05
• 期刊: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: A. Amin;Lisa Richaud