Crossing the Mediterranean Sea by Boat: Mapping and Documenting Migratory Journeys and Experiences

乘船穿越地中海：绘制和记录迁徙旅程和经历

• 批准号: ES/N013646/1
• 负责人: Vicki Squire
• 金额: $ 32.46万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN013646%2F1
• 关键词: Crossing; Mediterranean; Sea; Boat; Mapping

Current policy interventions urgently need assessing in light of unprecedented levels of migration and a catastrophic increase in refugee and migrant deaths across the Mediterranean Sea. While refugee and migrant deaths en route to the European Union are by no means new, the level and intensity of recent tragedies is unprecedented. More than 1850 deaths were recorded January-May 2015, demanding swift action on the part of EU Member States. This project produces a timely and robust evidence base as grounds for informing policy interventions developed under emergency conditions. It does so by assessing the impact of such interventions on those that they affect most directly: refugees and migrants themselves.As migratory pressures increase across North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, EU leaders have committed to a strengthened presence at sea, while fighting trafficking and smuggling networks, and extending cross-regional cooperation in order to prevent 'illegal migration flows'. Although there remain significant continuities in EU policy, developments in the region have shifted quickly under emergency conditions. Triton, a joint border management operation coordinated by the European external border agency Frontex, replaced the Italian search and rescue operation Mare Nostrum in autumn 2014. Triton's rescue capacities increased in early 2015, alongside a renewed focus on cross-regional migration and development cooperation, such as through the Khartoum and Rabat processes. New EU efforts to disrupt smuggling and trafficking networks in the region have also been initiated through the EUNAVFOR Med naval operation. These developments urgently need assessing in terms of their impact on refugee and migrant movements across the region. The EU has emphasised the importance of reinforcing internal solidarity between Member States and fostering shared responsibility through cross-regional cooperation. Nevertheless, such concerns reflect a policy agenda that has thus far had limited success in providing effective protection or settlement outcomes for refugees and migrants crossing the Mediterranean by boat. A renewed assessment of policy interventions is therefore pressing. This project undertakes such an assessment by engaging the journeys and experiences of refugees and migrants, asking: What are the impacts of policy interventions on migratory journeys and experiences across the Mediterranean? How do refugees and migrants negotiate complex and entwined migratory and regulatory dynamics? In what ways can policy be re-shaped to address migrant deaths at sea?Developments in search and rescue, anti-smuggling, and preventive mechanisms cannot be assessed in isolation from those who are most directly affected by such developments. An approach grounded in the journeys and experiences of refugees and migrants is thus urgent in order to effectively assess the impact of policy interventions across the Mediterranean. The project produces a robust evidence base that explores the effects of policy interventions on refugees and migrants across the region, focusing on three EU island arrival points in Greece, Italy and Malta. Qualitative interview data, both textual and visual, is produced through an interdisciplinary participatory research approach, and made available through the UK Data Service. This data is subject to a timely initial and on-going analysis, and is disseminated through research briefs and reports, project workshops and a conference, a project website, academic journal articles, as well as via various media outlets.The project contributes: an interdisciplinary perspective on the legal and social implications of policy interventions in the region; a comparative perspective on migratory routes and methods of travel across the Mediterranean; a qualitative analysis of the journeys and experiences of refugees and migrants; and methodological insights into participatory research under emergency conditions.

鉴于地中海沿岸前所未有的移民数量和难民和移民死亡的灾难性增加，迫切需要对当前的政策干预措施进行评估。虽然难民和移民在前往欧盟途中死亡并不是什么新鲜事，但最近发生的悲剧的程度和强度是前所未有的。2015年1月至5月记录的死亡人数超过1850人，这要求欧盟成员国迅速采取行动。该项目提供了及时和有力的证据基础，作为在紧急情况下制定政策干预措施的依据。它通过评估这些干预措施对难民和移民本身最直接影响的影响来做到这一点。随着北非、撒哈拉以南非洲和中东地区移民压力的增加，欧盟领导人承诺加强海上存在，同时打击人口贩运和走私网络，并扩大跨地区合作，以防止“非法移民流动”。尽管欧盟的政策仍有很大的连续性，但在紧急情况下，该地区的事态发展迅速发生了变化。Triton是由欧洲对外边境机构Frontex协调的联合边境管理行动，于2014年秋季取代了意大利的Mare Nostrum搜救行动。2015年初，Triton的救援能力有所增强，同时重新重视跨区域移徙和发展合作，例如通过喀土穆和拉巴特进程。欧盟还通过EUNAVFOR Med海军行动发起了新的努力，以破坏该区域的走私和贩运网络。这些事态发展迫切需要评估其对整个区域难民和移民流动的影响。欧盟强调，必须加强成员国之间的内部团结，并通过跨区域合作促进分担责任。然而，这种关切反映了一项政策议程，该议程迄今在为乘船穿越地中海的难民和移民提供有效保护或解决成果方面取得的成功有限。因此，重新评估政策干预迫在眉睫。该项目通过接触难民和移民的旅程和经历来进行这样的评估，询问：政策干预对跨越地中海的移徙旅程和经历有什么影响？难民和移民如何就复杂和错综复杂的移民和监管动态进行谈判？如何重塑政策以解决海上移民死亡问题？不能孤立地评估搜救、反走私和预防机制方面的事态发展，而不能脱离那些受到这些事态发展最直接影响的人。因此，迫切需要一种以难民和移民的旅程和经历为基础的办法，以便有效地评估地中海各地的政策干预的影响。该项目提供了强有力的证据基础，探索了政策干预对整个地区难民和移民的影响，重点是希腊、意大利和马耳他的三个欧盟岛屿登陆点。定性访谈数据，包括文字和视觉，是通过跨学科参与性研究方法产生的，并通过英国数据服务机构提供。这些数据需要及时进行初步分析和持续分析，并通过研究简报和报告、项目讲习班和会议、项目网站、学术期刊文章以及各种媒体传播。该项目有助于：从跨学科的角度探讨该区域政策干预措施的法律和社会影响；比较地中海移民路线和旅行方法；对难民和移民的旅程和经历进行定性分析；以及对紧急情况下参与性研究的方法论见解。

项目成果

Interventions on Europe's political futures

对欧洲政治未来的干预

• DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.02.003
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Political Geography
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: McConnell F

The Handbook of Displacement

位移手册

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47178-1_24
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Squire V

Migration and the politics of 'the human': confronting the privileged subjects of IR

移民和“人类”的政治：面对国际关系的特权主体

• DOI: 10.1177/0047117820946380
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: International Relations
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Squire V

Handbook on the Governance and Politics of Migration

移民治理和政治手册

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Squire V

Handbook of Displacement

位移手册

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Squire V