Water-security in Ethiopia and the Emotional response of Pastoralists (WEEP)

牧民是农民，他们饲养牲畜，并转移牛群以寻找新鲜的牧场和水供应。埃塞俄比亚有1200万人，他们经常处于极端贫困之中。不幸的是，他们使用的牧场存在争议，他们经常与其他土地使用者发生冲突。气候变化正在改变资源的可获得性，这可能会使冲突变得更加严重。政府正试图说服他们将农业活动多样化，并种植可耕种的作物。这可能会限制他们获得水资源，增加他们的水安全性。传统的用水数据侧重于家庭用水，而不是牲畜用水。它还列举了整个家庭的用水情况，当一些家庭成员长时间离开家与牲畜在一起时，这一点可能并不重要。它并不试图了解人们如何体验他们的用水，或者为不同的用途区分优先顺序。这项研究将试图了解牧民对这种水不安全的情绪反应。它将比较三种类型的居住：以牧民为主的居住、混合居住和牧民占少数的居住。通过焦点小组和相关活动，研究人员将试图了解所有小组的用水如何带来回报、压力或令人失望。这些答复将用于该项目的第二阶段，以开发一种易于管理的调查工具，用户被要求对他们在利克特尺度上的用水体验进行评级。这一结果将与更传统的指标进行比较，例如世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会用来监测实现可持续发展目标的进展情况的指标。这些结果将被用来影响埃塞俄比亚的水政策和实践。在全球范围内，这项研究将被那些试图为家庭和生产用途提供整体水的人使用。

Pastoralists are farmers who raise livestock, and move their herds in search of fresh pasture and water supplies. There are 12 million in Ethiopia and they are often in extreme poverty. Unfortunately the pastures they use are disputed and they often come into conflict with other land users. The changing climate is altering resource availability and this can make the conflicts worse. The government is trying to persuade them to diversify their farming activities and grow arable crops as well. This can restrict their access to water resources, increasing their water insecurity.Conventional water access data focusses on water for domestic uses, rather than water for livestock. It also enumerates the water access of an entire household which may not be relevant when some household members are away from home for extended periods with the livestock. It does not seek to understand how people experience their water use, or prioritise it for different uses.This research will seek to understand the emotional response of pastoralists to this water insecurity. It will compare three types of habitation: those dominated by pastoralists, mixed habitations and those where pastoralists form a minority. Through focus groups and related activities researchers will seek to understand how water use by all groups can be rewarding, stressful or disappointing. These responses will, be used in the second stage of the project to develop an easy-to-administer a survey tool where users are asked to rate their experience regarding water use on a Likert-scale. The results of this will be compared to more conventional indicators, for example those used by the World Health Organisation and UNICEF to monitor progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.The findings will be used to influence water policy and practice in Ethiopia. Globally, the research will be used by people who are trying to provide water holistically for both domestic and productive uses.