Negotiating Brexit: national governments, EU institutions and the UK

英国脱离欧盟的谈判对所有相关各方--英国、欧盟成员国和机构，可能还有欧洲自由贸易协会(EFTA)--都将是复杂的、历史性的和变革性的。尽管英国的谈判立场将是这一过程中的关键因素，但其他成员国和欧盟机构--欧洲理事会、欧盟委员会和欧洲议会--采取的立场将有助于塑造结果。《谈判英国退欧》考察了这些立场。它将监测、跟踪和解释英国谈判伙伴不断变化的政治背景和立场，利用这一谅解探索英国可用的谈判可能性，并审查结果对英国、欧盟的未来以及英国与欧盟关系的影响。对于每个成员国和机构，它将解释谁负责，谈判立场是如何定义的，做出的主要权衡，以及对相关压力的回应。重点是了解英国脱欧的实用性的重要性，谈判英国退欧将涉及新的短期研究活动、研究综合和用户参与。它将提供重要的、雄心勃勃的、创新的研究成果，以及具有持久意义的成果。该项目很重要，因为它将对谈判进行权威性的描述，这些谈判将从根本上重塑欧洲关系，并塑造英国未来几年的经济、安全和外交政策。这项研究的一个关键部分将是汇编一套独特的初级和次级文本，供未来几代研究人员使用。就覆盖范围和影响而言，该项目是雄心勃勃的。除了收集16个欧盟成员国、欧盟机构、英国和挪威(作为EFTA最大成员)的数据和报告外，它还将测试国际谈判研究中应用的主要理论方法，这些方法不同地突出了利益、思想和制度的重要性。这样一个规模的项目只能由一个专家团队集体实施，他们不仅对欧盟，而且对各国政治背景或欧盟机构都有详细的了解，并拥有与非学术受众打交道的经验。《谈判英国退欧》也具有创新性，首先，通过实时跟踪谈判立场的发展，它不同于现有文献中根据谈判的最终结果来追溯解释谈判方立场的倾向；其次，通过关注成员国形成立场的政治，它不会试图从潜在的误导性假设中演绎出来，即参与者是理性的。研究团队将在整个项目持续时间内积极与用户互动。它将提供研究综述、报告、博客和其他材料，政策制定者、企业、记者、公民社会组织、教育机构和对英国与欧盟关系感兴趣的公众可以轻松获取。这些分析将通过伦敦国王学院的“变化中的欧洲中的英国”知识中心提供，特别是通过其网站http://ukandeu.ac.uk，，并在其每周时事通讯中突出显示。该小组将以2016年《变化中的欧洲中的英国》高级研究员发表的文本为模板，以电子形式制作两份集体出版物，描述和解释其他欧盟成员国和欧盟机构所采取的立场。2017年6月和2018年9月/10月将在伦敦安排两次会议，决策者、感兴趣的团体和个人、记者和公众将有机会讨论和辩论英国伙伴采取的谈判立场

The negotiation of the UK's departure from the European Union will be complex, historic and transformational for all the involved parties -- the UK, the member states and institutions of the EU and possibly the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Although the UK's negotiating stance will be a key element in the process, the positions taken by other member states and the EU institutions -- the European Council, the European Commission, and the European Parliament -- will be instrumental in shaping the outcome. 'Negotiating Brexit' examines those positions. It will monitor, track and explain the changing political context and positions taken by the UK's negotiating partners, use this understanding to explore the negotiating possibilities available to the UK, and examine the implications of the outcome for the UK, the future of the EU, and the UK's relationship with the EU. For each member state and institution, it will explain who is in charge, how the negotiating position was defined, the main trade-offs made, and responses to relevant pressures.Focused on the importance of understanding the practicalities of the UK's departure, 'Negotiating Brexit' will involve new short-term research activity, research synthesis, and user engagement. It will deliver research that is important, ambitious, and innovative, and outputs of lasting significance. The project is important, because it will deliver an authoritative account of negotiations that will fundamentally recast relations in Europe and shape the UK's economy, security and foreign policy for years to come. A key part of the research will be to assemble a unique collection of primary and secondary texts that will be made available to future generations of researchers. The project is ambitious in terms of its coverage and impact. As well as collecting data and reporting on 16 EU member states, EU institutions, the UK, and Norway (as the largest member of EFTA), it will test the main theoretical approaches applied in the study of international negotiations, which highlight variously the importance of interests, ideas and institutions. A project of such a scale can only be carried out collectively by a team of specialists with detailed knowledge not only of the EU, but of national political contexts or EU institutions, and with experience in engaging with non-academic audiences. 'Negotiating Brexit' is also innovative, first because by tracking the development of negotiating positions in real time, it departs from the tendency in the existing literature to explain the positioning of negotiating parties retrospectively in the light of the final outcome of the negotiations, and second, because by focusing on the politics of position formation in the member states, it does not attempt to proceed deductively from the potentially misleading assumption that actors are rational.The research team will actively engage with users throughout the project's duration. It will deliver research syntheses, reports, blogs, and other material that are easily accessible to policy makers, businesses, journalists, civil society organisations, educational institutions and the general public who are interested in the UK's relationship with the EU. These analyses will be made available via the 'UK in a Changing Europe' knowledge hub at King's College London, especially through its website at http://ukandeu.ac.uk, and highlighted in its weekly newsletter. Drawing on the model of the texts published by 'The UK in a Changing Europe' senior fellows in 2016, the team will produce in electronic form two collective publications that will describe and explain the positions taken by other EU member states and the EU institutions. Two conferences will be arranged in London in June 2017 and September/October 2018, which will offer decision makers, interested groups and individuals, journalists, and members of the public the opportunity to discuss and debate the negotiating positions adopted by the UK's partner