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Oceanic Exchanges: Tracing Global Information Networks In Historical Newspaper Repositories, 1840-1914

海洋交流：在历史报纸库中追踪全球信息网络，1840-1914 年

基本信息

批准号：
ES/R004110/1
负责人：
Julianne Nyhan
金额：
$ 20.6万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FR004110%2F1
关键词：
Oceanic Exchanges Tracing Global Information

项目摘要

Newspapers were the first big data for a mass audience. Their dramatic expansion over the nineteenth century created a global culture of abundant, rapidly circulating information. The significance of the newspaper, however, has largely been defined in metropolitan and national terms in scholarship of the period. The collecting and digitization by local institutions further situated newspapers within a national context. "Oceanic Exchanges: Tracing Global Information Networks in Historical Newspaper Repositories, 1840-1914" (OcEx) brings together leading efforts in computational periodicals research from the US, Mexico, Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and the UK to examine patterns of information flow across national and linguistic boundaries in nineteenth century newspapers by linking digitized newspaper corpora currently siloed in national collections. OcEx seeks to break through the conceptual, institutional, and political barriers which have limited working with big humanities data by bringing together historical newspaper experts from different countries and disciplines around common questions; by actively crossing the national boundaries that have previously separated digitized newspaper corpora through computational analysis; and by illustrating the global connectedness of nineteenth-century newspapers in ways hidden by typical national organizations of digital cultural heritage. We propose to coordinate the efforts of this six-nation team to: build classifiers for textual and visual similarity of related newspaper passages; create a networked ontology of different genres, forms, and textual elements that emerged during the nineteenth century; model and visualise textual migration and viral culture; model and visualise conceptual migration and translation of texts across regional, national, and linguistic boundaries; analyze the sensitivity and generality of results; release public collections. For scholars of nineteenth-century periodicals and intellectual history, OcEx uncovers the ways that the international was refracted through the local as news, advice, vignettes, popular science, poetry, fiction, and more. By revealing the global networks through which texts and concepts traveled, OcEx creates an abundance of new evidence about how readers around the world perceived each other through the newspaper. These insights may reshape the assumptions that underpin research by scholars in comparative literature, translation studies, transnational and intellectual history, and beyond. Computational linguistics provides building blocks (recognizing translation, paraphrasing, text reuse) that can enable scholarly investigations, with both historical and contemporary implications. At the same time, such methods raise fundamental questions regarding the validity and reliability of their results (such as the effects of OCR-related noise, or imperfect comparability of corpora). Finally, by linking research across large-scale digital newspaper collections, OcEx will offer a model for national libraries and other data custodians that host large-scale data for digital scholarship. The project will test the accessibility and interoperability of emerging and well established newspaper digitisation efforts and output clear recommendations for structuring such development in future.

报纸是面向大众受众的第一批大数据。它们在19世纪的戏剧性扩张创造了一种丰富、快速传播信息的全球文化。然而，该报的意义在很大程度上是在那个时期的学术中用大都市和国家术语来定义的。地方机构的收集和数字化进一步将报纸置于国家范围内。“海洋交流：追踪历史报刊库中的全球信息网络，1840-1914”(OcEx)汇集了美国、墨西哥、德国、荷兰、芬兰和英国在计算期刊研究方面的领先努力，通过链接目前孤立在国家收藏中的数字化报纸语料库，研究19世纪报纸跨越国家和语言边界的信息流模式。OcEx试图突破概念、制度和政治障碍，通过将来自不同国家和学科的历史报纸专家围绕共同问题聚集在一起，积极跨越以前通过计算分析分隔数字化报纸语料库的国界，以及通过典型的国家数字文化遗产组织隐藏的方式，说明19世纪报纸的全球联系。我们建议协调这个六国团队的努力：为相关报纸段落的文本和视觉相似性建立分类器；创建19世纪出现的不同体裁、形式和文本元素的网络本体；对文本迁移和病毒文化进行建模和可视化；对跨越区域、国家和语言边界的文本的概念迁移和翻译进行建模和可视化；分析结果的敏感性和一般性；发布公共集合。对于十九世纪期刊和思想史的学者来说，华侨城揭示了国际如何通过当地媒体被折射，如新闻、建议、小插曲、科普、诗歌、小说等。通过揭示文本和概念传播的全球网络，OcEx创造了大量关于世界各地的读者如何通过报纸感知彼此的新证据。这些见解可能会重塑支撑比较文学、翻译研究、跨国和思想史等领域学者研究的假设。计算语言学提供了构建模块(识别翻译、释义、文本重用)，从而能够进行具有历史和当代意义的学术研究。与此同时，这些方法对其结果的有效性和可靠性提出了根本问题(例如与OCR相关的噪声的影响，或语料库的不完全可比性)。最后，通过将大规模数字报纸收藏的研究联系起来，OcEx将为国家图书馆和其他数据保管者提供一个模型，这些数据托管着用于数字学术的大规模数据。该项目将测试新兴和成熟的报纸数字化努力的可及性和互操作性，并为未来的此类发展提出明确的建议。