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Green Revolution epic narratives and their echoes in today's South-South technology transfers

绿色革命的史诗叙事及其在当今南南技术转让中的回响

基本信息

批准号：
ES/R00658X/1
负责人：
Lidia Cabral
金额：
$ 35.18万
依托单位：
Institute of Development Studies
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FR00658X%2F1
关键词：
Green Revolution epic narratives their

项目摘要

After decades of neglect of African agriculture, the beginning of the 21st century was marked by growing attention to this sector. Governments, aid agencies and foreign investors increasingly recognised the strategic importance of agriculture in driving growth and addressing poverty and hunger in Africa. Among those mobilised were public and private actors from Brazil, China and India. These countries are part of the rising powers in global development, whose presence in Africa spread quickly in the new century. They have offered finance, trade opportunities, loans and technical assistance, combined in a package that became known as South-South cooperation (SSC). Agricultural SSC includes not only private investments in farming land but also the transfer of technology, such as seeds and machinery, and know-how concerning agronomic research and farming practices. These countries claim to have much to offer to African countries struggling with challenges of hunger, food insecurity and low yields. After all, they had themselves successfully addressed these challenges back home through public investment in technological innovation that delivered unprecedented results in production and productivity, particularly in the 1960-80s. This chapter in these countries' history became known as the Green Revolution (GR).Despite remarkable achievements, criticism to the GR is well established, particularly regarding the social distribution of benefits and negative environmental externalities. The GR remains therefore a disputed moment in the world's agricultural history. Yet, its celebration has gained impetus in recent years. In Africa, there have been calls for an African GR, reinforced by SSC. SSC providers emphasise their own successes and the suitability of their policies and technologies to other developing countries with parallel agro-climatic conditions and development challenges. Their cooperation initiatives have helped reviving the GR history and narratives of past transformations of heroic achievements. These narratives stress the technological dimension of the transformation and the role of scientists who, through innovation, dedication and hard-work, contributed to addressing the calamity of hunger. These 'epic narratives' are being used today to emphasise the role that science and technology (S&T) from countries like Brazil, China and India can play in African agriculture today. So how do epic narratives of the GR currently shape current agricultural S&T transfers into Africa?This research will answer this question by looking comparatively at the GRs of Brazil, China and India. It will look at how these countries have made sense of their history - how epic narratives of the GR got established, evolved over time and across generations. It will then analyse how epic narratives are shaping the transfer of S&T to Africa today, as part of SSC. Led by a team from the Institute of Development Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University and China Agricultural University, this research will offer a new perspective on the history of the GR that puts the focus on the domestic protagonists of the GR and their roles in contemporary S&T transfers in the Global South.This research has analytical development, policy enhancement and capacity building objectives. It will generate original evidence on the GRs of Brazil, China and India, with comparative insights that will inform debates in these countries about the role of the state in agricultural S&T and the contribution of S&T to sustainable development. It will also produce new insights on 21st century GRs, connecting domestic experiences with new forms of international S&T transfers. This will feed policy and practice on SSC and inform debates on the role of S&T to the sustainable development of agriculture in Africa. It will also make theoretical and methodological contributions by developing a framework that combines history, politics and discourse to the study of S&T in development.

在几十年忽视非洲农业之后，21世纪初的特点是对这一部门的关注日益增加。各国政府、援助机构和外国投资者日益认识到农业在推动非洲增长和解决贫困和饥饿方面的战略重要性。动员起来的包括来自巴西、中国和印度的公共和私人演员。这些国家是全球发展中崛起的大国的一部分，它们在非洲的存在在新世纪迅速蔓延。它们提供了融资、贸易机会、贷款和技术援助，综合在一起的一揽子计划后来被称为南南合作(SSC)。农业可持续农业不仅包括对耕地的私人投资，而且还包括技术转让，如种子和机械，以及有关农艺研究和耕作实践的专门知识。这些国家声称可以为非洲国家提供很多东西，这些国家正在努力应对饥饿、粮食不安全和低产量的挑战。毕竟，他们自己在国内通过对技术创新的公共投资成功地应对了这些挑战，这些创新在生产和生产率方面取得了前所未有的成果，特别是在1960-80年代。这些国家历史上的这一章被称为绿色革命(GR)。尽管取得了显著的成就，但对GR的批评是根深蒂固的，特别是在利益的社会分配和负的环境外部性方面。因此，GR在世界农业史上仍是一个有争议的时刻。然而，近年来，它的庆祝活动获得了动力。在非洲，有人呼吁建立一个非洲GR，并得到南南合作的加强。南南合作提供者强调他们自己的成功以及他们的政策和技术对其他具有相似农业气候条件和发展挑战的发展中国家的适宜性。他们的合作倡议帮助恢复了GR的历史和对过去英雄成就转变的叙述。这些叙述强调了变革的技术层面和科学家的作用，他们通过创新、奉献和辛勤工作为解决饥饿的灾难做出了贡献。这些“史诗叙事”今天被用来强调来自巴西、中国和印度等国的科学技术(S&T)在今天的非洲农业中可以发挥的作用。那么，当前GR的史诗叙事如何影响当前S&T对非洲的农业转移？本研究将通过比较巴西、中国和印度的GR来回答这个问题。它将考察这些国家是如何理解他们的历史的--关于GR的史诗叙事是如何建立起来的，是如何随着时间和世代的发展而演变的。然后，它将分析史诗叙事是如何塑造S&T公司今天向非洲转移的，作为SSC的一部分。由尼赫鲁大学发展研究所和中国农业大学的团队领导的这项研究将提供一个新的视角来研究全球R的历史，关注全球R的国内主角以及他们在当代全球南方S&T转移中的作用。这项研究具有分析性发展、政策改进和能力建设的目标。它将产生关于巴西、中国和印度GR的原始证据，并具有比较的洞察力，将为这些国家关于国家在农业S&T中的作用以及S&T对可持续发展的贡献的辩论提供信息。它还将对21世纪的GR产生新的见解，将国内经验与S电信国际转移的新形式联系起来。这将为关于南南合作的政策和实践提供参考，并为关于S&T对非洲农业可持续发展的作用的辩论提供信息。通过构建一个历史、政治和话语相结合的框架，对S发展史的研究做出理论和方法论上的贡献。