Understanding the extent of and limitations to conscientious objection by health care practitioners to abortion

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Project title Understanding the extent of and limitations to conscientious objection by health care practitioners to abortionContextThe 1967 Abortion Act, which was the first legislation on abortion to cover Scotland, England and Wales, has had a significant impact on social norms and healthcare practice. There was substantial controversy around the introduction of the Act and now with its Act's 50th anniversary, the topic is once more being brought to society's attention through various radio and television programmes and workshops and conferences being held in a number of locations. These have shown that the 'abortion debate' still has the power to be socially-divisive today.However, another question has come to the fore and that is the right by health care practitioners (HCPs) to 'conscientious objection' under section 4 of the Act. At the time of its enactment, this right was granted without question but in more recent times, especially with changes to the practice of carrying out abortions, it has been called into question and its limits have become blurred. Aim, research questions and objectives.Aim Our research aims to identify the appropriate parameters of conscientious objection (CO) to abortion, and communicate the findings to a range of national and international beneficiaries. Key research questions1. What do health care practitioners understand as constituting 'participation in abortion'?2. Which elements of the abortion process should professionals be permitted to withdraw from on grounds of conscience?Main objectives1. To explore what HCPs understand as constituting 'participation in abortion' by gathering empirical evidence from HCPs working in two geographical areas, both of which provide the full range of abortion services2. To synthesise this evidence with that already available in academic literature, policy documents and legal proceedings 3. Ultimately, to produce recommendations and guidance on the appropriate parameters of CO to abortion by HCPsPotential application and benefitThrough the dual approach grounded in empirical and philosophical enquiry the key deliverable from this study will be the identification and delivery of specific recommendations of appropriate parameters for CO to abortion to health care institutions throughout the UK. The findings will thus have the potential to inform governance, management, and practice in medicine, midwifery, nursing and pharmacy; to impact upon regulation of CO by the UK and devolved governments; and to influence policymaking by international organisations such as the WHO and the international professional bodies. We will then provide clear guidelines for national use. Our study will be unique in several respects:(I) it will be truly multi-disciplinary and will involve academics and HCPs with diverse expertise; (II) it will proceed upon a purposive premise, whereas most academic enquiry about CO proceeds on the basis of an ideological commitment to defending/opposing CO; (III) it will be the first research in its field to employ parallel empirical and philosophical methodologies; whereas most academic study of CO is either heavily empirical or heavily philosophical, our study will start at ground level, collecting perspectives from HCPs whose roles bring them into contact with the abortion process, and subjecting the data gathered to philosophical analysis. .