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Between protection and exclusion: Separated child migrants' care relationships and caring practices

保护与排斥之间：分离的儿童移民的照料关系和照料实践

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S001980/1
负责人：
Sarah Crafter
金额：
$ 103.52万
依托单位：
The Open University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS001980%2F1
关键词：
Between protection exclusion Separated child

项目摘要

The promise of this project lies in generating knowledge that both analyses and provides ways to address one of the greatest global challenges of our time: the care and well-being of children affected by transnational displacement and migration. It will offer insights into the care of separated migrant children in England, starting from the premise that care is not necessarily limited to that provided by an adult or the state. Our pilot studies demonstrate that a crucial way separated migrant children survive the challenges of migration and settlement is through the care they provide and receive from other migrant children. Using creative research methods designed to involve separated migrant children and adult stakeholders in reflecting on their understandings and experiences of care, this project will not only point to 'cracks in the system' (Rosen et al., 2017) but offer insights into what constitutes good practice and how to develop it.This project sits against the backdrop of the displacement of over 65.6 million people globally, many of whom are children. Whilst some have moved with adult family members, the number who have been separated from primary carers at some point during their migration journeys has risen dramatically (Unicef, 2016). Often referred to as 'unaccompanied minors' in legal and policy contexts, we use the term 'separated child migrants' to highlight that many children maintain transnational relationships or reunite with parents at various points in the migration process, and are often accompanied by other kin and non-kin adults and children (Rosen, forthcoming).When separated migrant children arrive in the UK, they face conflicting treatment. They are protected as 'children' and entitled to the same rights to care as all other children. But, they are often treated as 'suspect' and excluded from welfare provision because of their status as 'migrants' (Crafter, forthcoming). Previous research has highlighted that the tension between immigration control and protection has led to significant differences in the quality of care provided for separated migrant children. New policy and guidance about separated migrant children is both responding to and changing the way these tensions are handled in the UK with, as yet, unknown consequences. In any case, they do not take children's care for each other into account.Little is known about separated children's care for each other as they navigate contradictory, complex, and changeable immigration and welfare systems. Nor do we know how separated children's care for each other is understood and treated by relevant adult stakeholders, including social workers, foster carers, educators, youth workers, religious leaders, legal professionals, and policy makers. Our pilot studies indicate this neglect means that policies and practices designed to support separated child migrants can end up harming, excluding or discriminating against them. For instance, children who care for each other may be forcibly separated in foster care placements, go 'missing' trying to reunite, or have their 'child' status questioned.In response, this project makes a needed and timely intervention. Placing separated children at its heart, this study asks: What are separated child migrants' experiences of care and caring for others? How do various economic, social and political factors shape the care priorities of relevant stakeholders? What are the theoretical, policy, and practice implications of varying understandings and practices of care?This project has been designed by a multidisciplinary research team in collaboration with a range of local and national charities including Refugee Youth and MEENA (for migrant children and women in Birmingham), and involves the Refugee Council, Coram Children's Legal Project, and Barnardo's in an Advisory Group. This broad-based team ensures that the project will have meaningful impact on the lives of separated migrant children.

该项目的承诺在于产生知识，分析并提供解决我们这个时代最大的全球挑战之一的方法：受跨国流离失所和移民影响的儿童的护理和福祉。它将提供深入了解在英格兰分离的移民儿童的照顾，从照顾不一定限于由成人或国家提供的前提。我们的试点研究表明，失散的移民儿童在移民和定居的挑战中生存的一个关键方式是通过他们提供和接受其他移民儿童的照顾。利用创造性的研究方法，旨在让失散的移民儿童和成年利益攸关方参与反思他们对照顾的理解和经验，该项目不仅将指出“系统中的裂缝”（罗森等，2017年），但提供了关于什么是良好做法以及如何发展良好做法的见解。该项目的背景是全球超过6560万人流离失所，其中许多是儿童。虽然有些人与成年家庭成员一起搬迁，但在移民途中的某个时候与主要照顾者分离的人数急剧上升（联合国儿童基金会，2016年）。在法律的和政策背景下，我们经常将“无人陪伴的未成年人”称为“失散儿童移民”，我们使用“失散儿童移民”一词来强调，许多儿童在移民过程中的各个阶段都保持着跨国关系或与父母团聚，并且经常有其他亲属和非亲属成年人和儿童陪伴（罗森，即将出版）。他们作为“儿童”受到保护，有权享有与所有其他儿童相同的照料权利。但是，由于他们的“移民”身份，他们往往被视为“嫌疑人”，被排除在福利提供之外（Crafter，即将出版）。以往的研究强调指出，移民控制和保护之间的紧张关系导致为失散的移徙儿童提供的照料质量存在重大差异。关于失散移民儿童的新政策和指导既回应又改变了英国处理这些紧张关系的方式，但后果尚不清楚。无论如何，他们都没有考虑到孩子们对彼此的照顾。当他们在矛盾、复杂和多变的移民和福利制度中穿行时，对失散儿童的相互照顾知之甚少。我们也不知道相关的成年利益攸关方，包括社会工作者、寄养者、教育工作者、青年工作者、宗教领袖、法律的专业人员和决策者，如何理解和对待失散儿童的相互照料。我们的试点研究表明，这种忽视意味着旨在支持失散儿童移民的政策和做法最终可能会伤害，排斥或歧视他们。例如，相互照顾的儿童可能会在寄养安置中被强行分开，试图团聚时“失踪”，或者他们的“儿童”身份受到质疑。对此，本项目进行了必要和及时的干预。这项研究将失散儿童放在核心位置，提出了这样一个问题：失散儿童移民在照顾和照顾他人方面有什么经验？各种经济、社会和政治因素如何影响相关利益攸关方的护理优先事项？对护理的不同理解和实践在理论、政策和实践上有什么影响？该项目由一个多学科研究小组与一系列地方和国家慈善机构合作设计，包括难民青年和MEENA（伯明翰的移民儿童和妇女），并涉及难民理事会，Coram儿童法律的项目和Barnardo的咨询小组。这个基础广泛的团队确保项目将对失散移民儿童的生活产生有意义的影响。