Identifying social, environmental, and genetic mechanisms linking the urban environment to the emergence of psychotic phenomena during adolescence

确定将城市环境与青春期精神病现象的出现联系起来的社会、环境和遗传机制

• 批准号: ES/S011196/1
• 负责人: Joanne Newbury
• 金额: $ 13.08万
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS011196%2F1
• 关键词: Identifying; social; environmental; genetic; mechanisms

Psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) are among the leading global causes of disability, and place a huge functional and economic burden on individuals and society more broadly. Studies have shown that psychotic disorders are twice as common among adults raised in urban settings such as cities. With 70% of the world's population predicted to live in cities by 2050, this association is increasingly important to understand.My PhD explored the role of the urban environment in the onset of subclinical psychotic symptoms among children and adolescents, such as extreme paranoia and hearing voices that others cannot. These early symptoms are associated with an increased adulthood risk for psychotic disorder and other severe mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Early psychotic symptoms are therefore a very useful target for intervention, and may inform us about early risk factors for adult mental health problems. My PhD research showed that children and teenagers raised in cities were twice as likely to have psychotic symptoms, and this was partly explained by urban neighbourhoods having less trust and support between neighbours, and more crime and problems. In an increasingly urban world, it is crucial that we uncover other pathways linking the urban environment to the onset of early subclinical psychotic symptoms. The aim of my ESRC fellowship is to investigate the combined roles of air pollution, neighbourhood social conditions, and genetic risk in the association between urban upbringing and early psychotic symptoms. Air pollution is a major problem in cities around the world, where levels regularly exceed international health guidelines. During the ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship, I will prepare novel findings from my PhD as an academic paper, which showed that air pollution and neighbourhood crime together explained 84% of the association between urbanicity and adolescent psychotic symptoms. Psychotic symptoms are thought to arise from a combination of environmental and genetic influences. During the ESRC fellowship, I will conduct a study using geographic and genetic data to explore the urban-rural distribution of genetic risk for schizophrenia. This will highlight whether young people at higher genetic risk for schizophrenia are more likely to live in cities, which could help to target interventions with greater precision. Research spanning multiple fields is vital to uncover the complex basis of mental health problems. To support my fellowship research and facilitate my transition to an independent mental health researcher, I will receive training from geographic and genetic disciplines. During the ESRC fellowship I will learn how to create detailed measures of neighbourhood environments such as crime. I will also learn how to use genetic data to create risk scores for schizophrenia. In addition, I will meet with leading mental health, epidemiology, and genetic research groups to build collaborations for my future research proposal. For this future research, I plan to explore a wider range of factors linking the urban environment to psychosis across the lifespan, including noise pollution. Noise pollution (e.g., road traffic) is a major problem in cities, and has been linked to stress and sleep problems. However, we know very little about the potential impact of noise pollution on mental health. During the ESRC fellowship, I will apply for further funding to use larger datasets (e.g., ALSPAC and UK Biobank) to explore the roles of noise and air pollution, neighbourhood social factors, and genetic risk in the onset of psychotic symptoms and disorders across the lifespan. Findings from the ESRC fellowship research will be published in leading mental health journals and presented at international conferences. To ensure findings reach a wider audience, I will prepare press releases, and blog articles and podcasts to share via key urban policy and mental health websites, such as CityLab and The Mental Elf.

精神障碍（例如，精神分裂症）是导致残疾的全球主要原因之一，给个人和社会带来了巨大的功能和经济负担。研究表明，在城市等城市环境中长大的成年人中，精神障碍的发病率是普通人的两倍。到2050年，预计世界上70%的人口将居住在城市，了解这种联系越来越重要。我的博士学位探索了城市环境在儿童和青少年亚临床精神病症状发作中的作用，例如极端偏执和听到其他人无法听到的声音。这些早期症状与成年后患精神障碍和其他严重心理健康问题（如焦虑和抑郁）的风险增加有关。因此，早期精神病症状是一个非常有用的干预目标，并可能告知我们有关成人心理健康问题的早期风险因素。我的博士研究表明，在城市长大的儿童和青少年出现精神病症状的可能性是城市的两倍，这在一定程度上是因为城市社区的邻居之间缺乏信任和支持，犯罪和问题更多。在一个日益城市化的世界里，我们发现城市环境与早期亚临床精神病症状发作之间的其他途径至关重要。我的ESRC奖学金的目的是调查空气污染，邻里社会条件和遗传风险在城市养育和早期精神病症状之间的关联的综合作用。空气污染是世界各地城市的一个主要问题，其水平经常超过国际健康指南。在ESRC博士后奖学金期间，我将从我的博士学位中准备新的发现作为学术论文，该论文表明，空气污染和邻里犯罪共同解释了城市化与青少年精神病症状之间84%的关联。精神病症状被认为是由环境和遗传影响的结合引起的。在ESRC研究期间，我将利用地理和遗传数据进行一项研究，探索精神分裂症遗传风险的城乡分布。这将突出精神分裂症遗传风险较高的年轻人是否更有可能生活在城市，这可能有助于更精确地针对干预措施。跨多个领域的研究对于揭示心理健康问题的复杂基础至关重要。为了支持我的奖学金研究，并促进我过渡到一个独立的心理健康研究人员，我将接受地理和遗传学科的培训。在ESRC奖学金期间，我将学习如何创建社区环境的详细措施，如犯罪。我还将学习如何使用遗传数据来创建精神分裂症的风险评分。此外，我将会见领先的心理健康，流行病学和遗传研究小组，为我未来的研究计划建立合作。对于未来的研究，我计划探索更广泛的因素，将城市环境与整个生命周期的精神病联系起来，包括噪音污染。噪音污染（例如，道路交通）是城市中的一个主要问题，并与压力和睡眠问题有关。然而，我们对噪音污染对心理健康的潜在影响知之甚少。在ESRC奖学金期间，我将申请进一步的资金来使用更大的数据集（例如，ALSPAC和英国生物银行），以探讨噪音和空气污染，邻里社会因素和遗传风险在整个生命周期中精神病症状和障碍发作中的作用。ESRC奖学金研究的结果将发表在领先的心理健康期刊上，并在国际会议上发表。为了确保调查结果能够覆盖更广泛的受众，我将准备新闻稿、博客文章和播客，通过关键的城市政策和心理健康网站（如CityLab和The Mental Elf）分享。

项目成果

Violent experiences and neighbourhoods during adolescence: understanding and mitigating the association with mental health at the transition to adulthood in a longitudinal cohort study.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02343-6
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Latham, Rachel M.;Arseneault, Louise;Alexandrescu, Bianca;Baldoza, Saffron;Carter, Alysha;Moffitt, Terrie E.;Newbury, Joanne B.;Fisher, Helen L.
• 通讯作者: Fisher, Helen L.

Socioenvironmental Adversity and Adolescent Psychotic Experiences: Exploring Potential Mechanisms in a UK Longitudinal Cohort.

• DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad017
• 发表时间: 2023-07-04
• 期刊: Schizophrenia bulletin
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Newbury JB;Arseneault L;Moffitt TE;Odgers CL;Howe LD;Bakolis I;Reuben A;Danese A;Sugden K;Williams B;Rasmussen LJH;Trotta A;Ambler AP;Fisher HL
• 通讯作者: Fisher HL

Childhood exposure to ambient air pollution and predicting individual risk of depression onset in UK adolescents.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.042
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Journal of psychiatric research
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Latham RM;Kieling C;Arseneault L;Botter-Maio Rocha T;Beddows A;Beevers SD;Danese A;De Oliveira K;Kohrt BA;Moffitt TE;Mondelli V;Newbury JB;Reuben A;Fisher HL
• 通讯作者: Fisher HL

Association between air pollution exposure and mental health service use among individuals with first presentations of psychotic and mood disorders: retrospective cohort study.

• DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2021.119
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science
• 作者: Newbury JB;Stewart R;Fisher HL;Beevers S;Dajnak D;Broadbent M;Pritchard M;Shiode N;Heslin M;Hammoud R;Hotopf M;Hatch SL;Mudway IS;Bakolis I
• 通讯作者: Bakolis I

Childhood maltreatment and poor functional outcomes at the transition to adulthood: a comparison of prospective informant- and retrospective self-reports of maltreatment.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01926-5
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Latham RM;Quilter E;Arseneault L;Danese A;Moffitt TE;Newbury JB;Fisher HL
• 通讯作者: Fisher HL