At the intersections: understanding LGBT rights, HIV prevention, and queer political activism in Ghana

十字路口：了解加纳的 LGBT 权利、艾滋病毒预防和酷儿政治活动

• 批准号: ES/S011722/1
• 负责人: Ellie Gore
• 金额: $ 11.76万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS011722%2F1
• 关键词: intersections; understanding; LGBT; rights; HIV

This research examines the character of queer political activism in Accra, Ghana. Specifically, it considers how models of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) rights and identity emerging from the global North connect (and disconnect) with local queer political practices and forms of subjectivity. In so doing, it addresses two primary scholarly debates: on the 'globalisation' of gay identity and on the impact of HIV interventions and LGBT rights discourses in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodologically, the research is based on a thirteen month ethnography of an HIV/LGBT rights organisation and among networks of queer working class men - locally called sasoi (sing. saso) - in Accra. This also comprised twenty-nine in-depth interviews in a blend of English and Ghanaian languages and eight group interviews with saso activists.The study makes three central, interlinked arguments:1. that fixed or 'universalist' models of LGBT rights and identity have not usurped or erased local queer subjectivities and forms of politics in Accra. Rather, they have been indigenised by saso activists in pragmatic and context-specific ways, as part of a fluid lexicon of queer linguistic, subjective, and embodied practices that challenge dominant gender norms and power relations;2. that whilst there is not currently an LGBT rights 'movement' in Ghana, there exists a range of queer political formations, actors, and practices - both formal and informal - that can be understood as activism. Moreover, this contingent, context-bound arrangement - what I term the 'assemblage' of queer Ghanaian activism - has significant transformative power;3. that, at the same time, saso lives and politics are mediated by a set of systematic or 'hegemonic' constraints, notably class relations, homophobia, and heteronormativity, which are frequently reinforced by the political economy of development (and by HIV interventions predicated on voluntarism). This hegemony compromises saso political activism and produces a dislocation between the operations and agendas of global development actors and the needs and priorities of working class sasoi.Located within an emerging corpus of research that examines global queer cultures, HIV initiatives, and LGBT activism, the contribution of this research is threefold: empirical; theoretical; and analytical. In empirical terms, it contributes to the scant literature on queer sexualities and activism in Ghana by offering an in-depth ethnographic account of the lives and political practices of saso activists in Accra. With its concern for the emic and the voice 'from below', the study directly challenges 'universalising' accounts of gay identity and deterministic readings of HIV and LGBT rights discourses (Altman, 1996; Kole, 2007; Massad, 2002). It sets out instead how rights and identity models travel, diffuse, and transform in this setting. In so doing, the study breaks with existing trends in the development and public health literatures that focus primarily on the discursive or the epidemiological in relation to queer sexualities in the global South (Young and Meyer, 2005; Jolly, 2007; Cornwall & Jolly, 2009; Beyrer et al, 2012; Gosine, 2015) and privileges the agency of queer Ghanaian activists and modes of political action. Theoretically, the study expands the scope of the existing queer and poststructuralist-inflected literature on same-sex sexualities in the global South (Nguyen, 2008; Gaudio, 2009; Ekine & Abbas, 2013; Boyce, 2014; Sandfort et al, 2015) by drawing on Marxist political economy and by centering the intersection of class and sexuality. Thus, by synthesising a poststructuralist, psychodynamic concern for identity and difference with an approach rooted in political economy, the study offers sustained insight into queer lives and politics in Ghana and provides a powerful theoretical and analytical framework for scholars working on similar issues in both the global South and global North.

本研究考察了加纳阿克拉酷儿政治活动的特征。具体来说，它考虑了如何从全球北方出现的女同性恋，男同性恋，双性恋和变性人（LGBT）的权利和身份的模型连接（和断开）与当地酷儿的政治实践和主体性的形式。在这样做的时候，它解决了两个主要的学术辩论：同性恋身份的“全球化”和艾滋病毒干预措施和LGBT权利话语在撒哈拉以南非洲的影响。从方法上讲，这项研究是基于一个艾滋病毒/LGBT权利组织和酷儿工人阶级男性网络（当地称为sasoi）的13个月人种志。saso）-在阿克拉。这也包括29个深度访谈，在英语和加纳语的混合和8个小组访谈saso活动家。在阿克拉，LGBT权利和身份的固定或“普遍主义”模式并没有篡夺或消除当地酷儿的主观性和政治形式。相反，他们已经本土化的saso活动家在务实和具体的方式，作为一个酷儿语言，主观和具体的做法，挑战占主导地位的性别规范和权力关系的流动词汇的一部分;2。虽然加纳目前没有LGBT权利“运动”，但存在一系列奇怪的政治组织、行为者和做法--正式和非正式的--可以被理解为行动主义。此外，这种偶然的、与背景有关的安排--我称之为加纳同性恋行动主义的“集合”--具有重大的变革力量;3.与此同时，saso生活和政治受到一系列系统性或“霸权”约束的影响，特别是阶级关系，同性恋恐惧症和异性恋行为，这些约束经常被发展的政治经济学（以及基于非自愿主义的艾滋病毒干预措施）所强化。这种霸权妥协saso政治激进主义，并产生了全球发展行动者的行动和议程与工人阶级sasoi的需求和优先事项之间的错位。位于一个新兴的研究语料库，研究全球酷儿文化，艾滋病毒倡议和LGBT激进主义，本研究的贡献是三方面的：经验;理论;和分析。在经验方面，它通过对阿克拉的saso活动家的生活和政治实践进行深入的人种学描述，为加纳关于同性恋和激进主义的文献提供了帮助。由于关注主位和“来自下层”的声音，这项研究直接挑战了对同性恋身份的“普遍化”描述以及对艾滋病毒和LGBT权利话语的确定性解读（Altman，1996; Kole，2007; Massad，2002）。相反，它阐述了权利和身份模式如何在这种情况下传播、扩散和转变。在这样做的时候，这项研究打破了发展和公共卫生文献中的现有趋势，这些文献主要集中在与全球南方的同性恋性行为有关的话语或流行病学上。（Young和Meyer，2005年; Jolly，2007年; Cornwall和Jolly，2009年; Beyrer等人，2012年;戈辛，2015年）和特权机构的酷儿加纳活动家和政治行动的模式。从理论上讲，这项研究通过借鉴马克思主义政治经济学和以阶级和性的交叉为中心，扩大了现有关于全球南方同性性行为的酷儿和后结构主义文学的范围（Nguyen，2008; Gaudio，2009; Ekine & Abbas，2013;博伊斯，2014; Sandfort et al，2015）。因此，通过综合一个后结构主义，心理动力学关注的身份和差异的方法植根于政治经济学，研究提供了持续的洞察到加纳的酷儿生活和政治，并提供了一个强大的理论和分析框架，为学者在全球南方和全球北方的类似问题的工作。

项目成果

The Oxford Encyclopaedia of African Politics

牛津非洲政治百科全书

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Gore E

Understanding Queer Oppression and Resistance in the Global Economy: Towards a Theoretical Framework for Political Economy

理解全球经济中的酷儿压迫和抵抗：走向政治经济学的理论框架

• DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2021.1952558
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: New Political Economy
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Gore E

Between HIV Prevention and LGBTI Rights - The Political Economy of Queer Activism in Ghana

艾滋病毒预防与 LGBTI 权利之间——加纳酷儿活动的政治经济学

• DOI: 10.3998/mpub.12067615
• 发表时间: 2024
• 作者: Gore E

The political economy of HIV prevention in Ghana: peer education, queer social reproductive labor, and the global development industry

• DOI: 10.1080/14616742.2024.2309243
• 发表时间: 2024-03-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL FEMINIST JOURNAL OF POLITICS
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Gore，Ellie

Reflexivity and Queer Embodiment: Some Reflections on Sexualities Research in Ghana

反身性和酷儿体现：对加纳性行为研究的一些思考

• DOI: 10.1057/s41305-018-0135-6
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Feminist Review
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Gore E