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Sustaining Power: Women's struggles against contemporary backlash in South Asia

维持力量：南亚妇女与当代强烈抵制的斗争

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S015787/1
负责人：
Deepta Chopra
金额：
$ 293.18万
依托单位：
Institute of Development Studies
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS015787%2F1
关键词：
Sustaining Power Women struggles against

项目摘要

Women in South Asia have struggled for many decades to improve their lives within their families, in their communities, for securing their livelihoods, and in getting their voices heard as citizens by the state, with women's movements being critical in advancing their rights. However, contemporary social, economic and political changes have created new and multiple forms of backlash and contestations. How do women defend their rights, and secure their gains against these regressive forces and backlash? This question leads our research on the strategies and mechanisms that women use to retain power and sustain gains in women's rights. This research is particularly interested in how different groups of women understanding power and struggle, and how these change over time. We aim to assess what works to defend women's rights, and explain why some struggles are more successful than others in sustaining gains. We think that success of women's struggles depends on a) the types of strategies they use to counter different types of backlash; b) the ways in which struggles include voices and perspectives of different groups of women; and c) the ways in which struggles connect to other movements and groups across local, regional and national levels. The central research question therefore is: When, how, and why do women's power struggles succeed in retaining power and sustaining their gains against backlash? South Asia provides a valuable opportunity to investigate women's struggles. The region has witnessed rapid and large changes over the last decade, including urbanization, rising employment precarity, new electoral laws and regime changes, shifts in social norms, and the spread of digital technology. We aim to examine how these changes create new and multiple forms of backlash; and how women's struggles for power are variously challenged, opened up or are closed down by these changes. We are interested in unraveling the similarities and differences in processes and strategies used by different women's movements to retain power in the face of backlash; and in women's own experiences and interpretations of their struggles as these evolve and adapt over time. We will select 16 cases of women's struggles in four countries that represent the largest populations of South Asia: Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan. Within each country, we will select on-going and contentious cases of struggle in one of four arenas within which gains in women's rights are being sought: family, community, market and the state. This research will use a variety of methods including: a) identifying and analyzing the types of backlash created by processes of contemporary change;b) mapping critical players and what shapes their motivations for action; c) tracing the struggles, nature and trajectory of each movement to counter backlash - through oral history methods, reflective and participatory techniques, qualitative interviews and archival research; d) undertaking comparative analysis to compare how different movements may have triggered, galvanized or been strengthened by power struggles across different arenas; and e) identifying and systematizing which combinations of mechanisms and strategies work to defend women's rights in South Asia and beyond. This is a collaborative research project that draws together a multi-disciplinary research team with deep in-country and conceptual expertise on women's rights and contemporary power struggles in South Asia. This project includes strong capacity building initiatives and opportunities for learning through reflective processes with women's movements and research partners. This research is ambitious in its scope and we hope that our findings that will be grounded in real life experiences of women, will be relevant and useful for feminist scholars, activists and policy actors to set their future course of action to defend women's rights across the world.

几十年来，南亚妇女一直在努力改善她们在家庭、社区中的生活，保障她们的生计，让国家听到她们作为公民的声音，妇女运动在促进她们的权利方面至关重要。然而，当代的社会、经济和政治变化造成了新的和多种形式的反弹和反对。妇女如何捍卫自己的权利，并确保她们的收益不受这些倒退力量和反弹的影响？这个问题引导我们研究妇女用来保留权力和维持妇女权利成果的战略和机制。这项研究特别感兴趣的是不同群体的妇女如何理解权力和斗争，以及这些如何随着时间的推移而变化。我们的目标是评估哪些工作可以捍卫妇女的权利，并解释为什么有些斗争在维持成果方面比其他斗争更成功。我们认为，妇女斗争的成功取决于：（a）她们用来对抗不同类型的反弹的战略类型;（B）斗争如何纳入不同妇女群体的声音和观点;（c）斗争如何与地方、区域和国家各级的其他运动和团体联系起来。因此，中心研究问题是：妇女的权力斗争何时、如何以及为什么能够成功地保留权力并维持其收益，以对抗反弹？南亚为调查妇女的斗争提供了宝贵的机会。在过去十年中，该地区经历了快速而巨大的变化，包括城市化、就业不稳定性上升、新的选举法和政权更迭、社会规范的转变以及数字技术的传播。我们的目的是研究这些变化如何创造新的和多种形式的反弹;以及如何妇女的权力斗争受到各种挑战，打开或关闭这些变化。我们感兴趣的是解开不同的妇女运动所使用的过程和策略的相似性和差异，以保持在面对反弹的权力;并在妇女自己的经验和解释他们的斗争，因为这些演变和适应随着时间的推移。我们将在代表南亚人口最多的四个国家-孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦-挑选16个妇女斗争的案例。在每个国家内，我们将选择正在争取妇女权利的四个领域之一进行的有争议的斗争案例：家庭、社区、市场和国家。这项研究将使用各种方法，包括：a）确定和分析当代变革进程所造成的反弹类型;B）绘制关键参与者及其行动动机的地图; c）通过口述历史方法、反思和参与性技术、定性访谈和档案研究，追踪每一场对抗反弹运动的斗争、性质和轨迹;（d）进行比较分析，比较不同运动如何可能引发、激发或加强不同领域的权力斗争;（e）确定并系统化哪些机制和战略的组合有助于捍卫南亚及其他地区的妇女权利。这是一个合作研究项目，汇集了一个多学科的研究团队，他们对南亚的妇女权利和当代权力斗争具有深刻的国内和概念专业知识。该项目包括强有力的能力建设举措和通过与妇女运动和研究伙伴的反思过程进行学习的机会。这项研究的范围是雄心勃勃的，我们希望我们的研究结果将立足于妇女的真实的生活经验，将是相关的和有用的女权主义学者，活动家和政策行为者制定他们的未来行动方针，以捍卫世界各地的妇女权利。