The Making of an Integrated Landscape of Conservation: Sustainable Development, Environmental Justice and the Politics of Territory in the Amazon

综合保护景观的形成：可持续发展、环境正义和亚马逊地区的领土政治

• 批准号: ES/T002131/1
• 负责人: Evan Killick
• 金额: $ 97.01万
• 依托单位: University of Sussex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT002131%2F1
• 关键词: Making; Integrated; Landscape; Conservation; Sustainable

The conservation of tropical forests is central to global environmental and sustainable development goals, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the 2015 Paris Agreement. With these goals in mind, numerous Protected Areas (PAs) have been established in order to preserve these forests under different conservation regimes. However, these PAs remain threatened by global, national and local demands for natural resources while the agendas of their indigenous inhabitants remain largely unrecognised in related decision-making processes. This is a particularly pressing issue, as over half of the world's tropical forests fall within claimed and titled indigenous territories with the rights of indigenous peoples recognised by international agreements (e.g. UNDRIP & ILO169) and national laws (e.g. Peru's laws of Prior Consultation and Native Communities). We hypothesise that the source of this gap between the aspirations and realities of conservation efforts lies in the persistence of top-down approaches to development and conservation, despite claims of participatory processes, and governance structures that prevent the effective participation of local and indigenous peoples and their knowledge in relevant decision-making processes.In order to address this issue, research will centre on the Purus-Manu conservation corridor in Peruvian Amazonia which is representative of the complex social, cultural and political realities of contemporary forest usage and conservation. The area encompasses a diversity of peoples and communities involved in a range of agricultural and extractive activities associated with differing regimes of ownership and rights. This includes not only officially recognised PAs and indigenous land claims but also extractive concessions and nascent carbon market financing. The tensions between different understandings and uses of the environment have, at times, led to physical violence and intimidation at the local level. These tensions are also evident up to the highest levels of the Peruvian government where ministries for land, development and infrastructure tend to be more powerful than the ministries that oversee conservation and rights. In this context while there are actors within Peru's government seeking a more equitable and effective system of forest conservation and the support of indigenous rights they are stymied by a lack of data, knowledge and capacities to carry out participatory planning and active multi-sector and multi-level coordination.The project will address these issues, first through an innovative ethnographic 'landscape approach' that will engage across different locations simultaneously to study and compare environmental, social and political dynamics at different levels of society and governance. In doing so, we will interrogate indigenous territorial and environmental conceptions and priorities, and how they relate, intersect and diverge from those of NGOs and government actors, as well as the hierarchies of power that privilege certain types of knowledge and information.This research will then underpin the design of a practical pathway to build local and national capacities and empower all stakeholders to work towards a transformation of how forest conservation can be encouraged and managed. This will be achieved through the design and implementation of what we have called Collective Sustainability Plans (CSPs) that will evidence the needs and desired futures of forest communities.The project builds on the team's previous individual and collective engagement in the region. This has included pilot projects that facilitated multi-actor co-learning spaces, as well as capacity building work around collaborative mapping and audio-visual techniques, and the production of films by Indigenous Peoples.

热带森林保护是全球环境和可持续发展目标的核心，包括《生物多样性公约》、《2030 年可持续发展议程》和 2015 年《巴黎协定》。考虑到这些目标，建立了许多保护区（PA），以便在不同的保护制度下保护这些森林。然而，这些保护区仍然受到全球、国家和地方对自然资源需求的威胁，而其土著居民的议程在相关决策过程中基本上仍未得到认可。这是一个特别紧迫的问题，因为世界上一半以上的热带森林属于有权利主张和拥有所有权的土著领土，土著人民的权利受到国际协定（例如 UNDRIP 和 ILO169）和国家法律（例如秘鲁的事先协商法和土著社区法）的承认。我们假设，保护工作的愿望与现实之间的这种差距的根源在于自上而下的开发和保护方法的持续存在，尽管参与过程和治理结构阻碍了当地和土著人民及其知识有效参与相关决策过程。为了解决这个问题，研究将集中在秘鲁亚马逊流域的普鲁斯-马努保护走廊上，该走廊代表了 当代森林利用和保护的复杂社会、文化和政治现实。该地区包括参与与不同所有权和权利制度相关的一系列农业和采掘活动的不同民族和社区。这不仅包括官方认可的保护区和土著土地所有权，还包括采掘特许权和新生的碳市场融资。对环境的不同理解和利用之间的紧张关系有时会导致地方一级的人身暴力和恐吓。这些紧张关系在秘鲁政府最高层也很明显，负责土地、发展和基础设施的部门往往比负责监督保护和权利的部门更强大。在此背景下，虽然秘鲁政府内部的一些行为者寻求更加公平和有效的森林保护体系并支持土著权利，但他们却因缺乏数据、知识和能力而受到阻碍，无法进行参与性规划和积极的多部门和多层次协调。该项目将首先通过创新的民族志“景观方法”来解决这些问题，该方法将同时在不同地点进行研究和比较环境、社会和政治动态 社会和治理的不同层面。在此过程中，我们将探讨土著领土和环境的概念和优先事项，以及它们与非政府组织和政府行为者的关系、交叉和分歧，以及赋予某些类型的知识和信息特权的权力等级制度。然后，这项研究将支持设计一条切实可行的途径，以建设地方和国家能力，并授权所有利益相关者努力改变如何鼓励和保护森林。 管理。这将通过设计和实施我们所谓的集体可持续发展计划（CSP）来实现，该计划将证明森林社区的需求和期望的未来。该项目建立在团队之前在该地区的个人和集体参与的基础上。这包括促进多参与者共同学习空间的试点项目，以及围绕协作制图和视听技术的能力建设工作，以及土著人民制作的电影。

项目成果

Connected Conservation: Rethinking conservation for a telecoupled world

互联保护：重新思考远程耦合世界的保护

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110047
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Biological Conservation
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Carmenta R

Between Co-Management and Responsibilisation: Comparative Perspectives from Two Reservas Comunales in the Peruvian Amazon

共同管理与责任之间：秘鲁亚马逊地区两个公共保护区的比较视角

• DOI: 10.1111/blar.13539
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Bulletin of Latin American Research
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Sarmiento Barletti J

Julián's Choice: Of Jaguar-Shamans and the Sacrifices Made for Progreso in Peru's Extractive Frontier

朱利安的选择：美洲虎萨满巫师以及秘鲁榨取边境中为进步所做的牺牲

• DOI: 10.1017/s0022216x21001036
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Latin American Studies
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: Sarmiento Barletti J

Between Care and Conflict: Relations of Resource Extraction in the Peruvian Amazon

关怀与冲突之间：秘鲁亚马逊地区资源开采的关系

• DOI: 10.1111/blar.13272
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Bulletin of Latin American Research
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Sarmiento Barletti J

War by other means at the extractive frontier: the violence of reconstruction in 'post-war' Peru

采掘边境的其他手段的战争：“战后”秘鲁重建的暴力

• DOI: 10.1111/1467-9655.13433
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Sarmiento Barletti J