Reimagining Infrastructure: how is marginalised people's food and nutrition security shaped by a continuum of urban infrastructure assemblages

重新构想基础设施：一系列城市基础设施组合如何塑造边缘化人群的粮食和营养安全

• 批准号: ES/T007958/1
• 负责人: Nicholas Nisbett
• 金额: $ 179.39万
• 依托单位: Institute of Development Studies
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT007958%2F1
• 关键词: Reimagining; Infrastructure; how; marginalised; people

This research is designed to help improve the lives of the poorest residents of cities in Africa and Asia by focusing on how they are meeting their basic needs and accessing infrastructure, particularly when they are living 'off-grid'. The research is led by a consortium including experts in urban research from Africa and Asia, brought together by the Institute of Development Studies. We will focus on five cities which represent different types of urban environment: Tamale, Ghana, Mossel Bay, South Africa, Epworth, Zimbabwe, Bangalore, India and Colombo, Sri Lanka. They were chosen because, while planning and infrastructure design and provision is improving for some parts of these cities, such provision is not expanding fast enough to keep up with urban growth and provision is not evenly distributed for all. We focus on five main types of infrastructure - water, sanitation, energy, transport and communications. In most poor neighbourhoods people meet their needs in a variety of ways - informal access to formal grids such as illegal energy hook ups; 'off-grid' forms such as latrines or bore-wells; hybrid forms such as reliance on water trucks when urban supplies run dry; or local vehicles providing 'last-mile' connections to public transport. A particular concern in these cities is whether such critical infrastructure is sufficiently robust and stable to weather the multitude of human/political and environmental shocks and stresses facing cities, ranging from droughts and floods to political and financial crises which can literally 'turn off the lights'. In order to gain a better understanding of these systemic urban issues and how they are affecting the poorest and most marginalised, we focus our research on one key way of measuring whether basic needs are being met - whether people have stable access and availability of sufficient, diverse and nutritious diets - their 'Food and Nutrition Security'. This provides us with a way of researching how these various infrastructures combine at multiple levels, in order to achieve a more 'systemic' understanding of infrastructure provision and the implications for people's lives. This has been little researched to date, but is critically important to understand for urban planners and infrastructure providers. For example, water, energy and sanitation are essential for safe food preparation and disposal of human waste and also have a role to play in urban markets, alongside transport and communication. Inadequacies in access and supply can thus undermine the ability to safely cook, clean, store, supply, manufacture and grow food and add to the vulnerability of people to suffer consequences to their health, wellbeing, livelihoods and ability to care for others. Our research starts at a city level to identify the most marginal and vulnerable settlements and how planning is envisioned in city-wide processes. At a neighbourhood level, we will pursue statistically robust ways of capturing people's food and infrastructure interactions as well as capture deep and rich testimony of their lives through their own photographs and follow-up interviews. We will also train members of each settlement to 'audit' their own infrastructure provision and present these results for discussion with local officials and providers. A further stage will then 'follow the food' by tracing how food reaches people, e.g. via street and municipal markets, or transport and warehousing, mapping the market infrastructure at each point. Ultimately, our research will contribute to better decisions around infrastructure provision that can facilitate forms of infrastructure access. We will achieve this by engaging directly with urban professionals and infrastructure practitioners, such as engineers and city planners, as well as, importantly, those training the future generation of planners needed for African and Asian cities.

这项研究旨在帮助改善非洲和亚洲城市最贫穷居民的生活，重点关注他们如何满足自己的基本需求和获得基础设施，特别是当他们生活在离网生活的时候。这项研究由一个包括来自非洲和亚洲的城市研究专家的财团领导，该财团由发展研究所召集。我们将重点关注代表不同类型城市环境的五个城市：加纳的塔马莱、南非的莫塞尔湾、津巴布韦的爱普沃斯、印度的班加罗尔和斯里兰卡的科伦坡。之所以选择它们，是因为尽管这些城市的一些地区的规划、基础设施设计和供应正在改善，但此类供应的扩张速度不足以跟上城市的增长，而且供应对所有人的分配也不均匀。我们重点关注五种主要类型的基础设施--水、卫生设施、能源、交通和通信。在大多数贫困社区，人们通过各种方式满足自己的需求--非正式地使用正式电网，如非法能源连接；“离网”形式，如厕所或水井；混合形式，如城市供水枯竭时依赖运水卡车；或提供公共交通“最后一英里”连接的当地车辆。在这些城市中，一个特别令人担忧的问题是，这些关键基础设施是否足够坚固和稳定，足以经受住城市面临的大量人类/政治和环境冲击和压力，从干旱和洪水到政治和金融危机，这些危机真的可以“关灯”。为了更好地了解这些系统性的城市问题，以及它们如何影响最贫穷和最边缘化的人，我们的研究重点放在衡量基本需求是否得到满足的一个关键方法上--人们是否能够稳定地获得和获得充足、多样化和有营养的饮食--他们的“食品和营养安全”。这为我们提供了一种研究这些不同的基础设施如何在多个层面结合在一起的方法，以实现对基础设施提供及其对人们生活的影响的更“系统”的了解。到目前为止，这方面的研究还很少，但对于城市规划者和基础设施提供商来说，理解这一点至关重要。例如，水、能源和卫生设施对于安全地准备食物和处理人类排泄物是必不可少的，而且在城市市场、运输和通讯中也可以发挥作用。因此，获取和供应不足会削弱安全烹调、清洁、储存、供应、制造和种植粮食的能力，并使人们更容易遭受其健康、福祉、生计和照顾他人能力的后果。我们的研究始于城市层面，以确定最边缘和最脆弱的住区，以及如何在全市范围内进行规划。在邻里层面上，我们将寻求统计上可靠的方法来捕捉人们的食物和基础设施互动，并通过他们自己的照片和后续采访来捕捉他们生活的深刻和丰富的证据。我们还将培训每个定居点的成员对自己的基础设施供应进行“审计”，并将这些结果提交给当地官员和供应商进行讨论。然后，进一步的阶段将通过追踪食物如何到达人们手中，例如通过街道和市政市场，或通过运输和仓储，绘制每个点的市场基础设施图，从而“跟踪食物”。最终，我们的研究将有助于围绕基础设施提供更好的决策，以促进各种形式的基础设施接入。我们将通过直接接触城市专业人员和基础设施从业人员，如工程师和城市规划师，以及重要的是，培训非洲和亚洲城市所需的未来一代规划师，来实现这一目标。

项目成果

Sri Lanka: "We are near total breakdown": Protecting the rights to health, food and social security in Sri Lanka's economic crisis

斯里兰卡：“我们已接近彻底崩溃”：在斯里兰卡经济危机中保护健康权、粮食权和社会保障权

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Amnesty International

Routledge Handbook of Urban Food Governance

劳特利奇城市食品治理手册

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Haysom, G

Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa

改变非洲二线城市的城市粮食系统

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_2
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Haysom G

Integrating Food Sensitive Planning and Urban Design into Urban Governance Actions

• DOI: 10.1007/s12132-021-09417-9
• 发表时间: 2021-04-29
• 期刊: Urban Forum
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Haysom G

'Do you own your freedom?' Reflecting on Cape Town youths' aspirations to be free

“你有自由吗？”

• DOI: 10.5130/ijcre.v15i2.8210
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement
• 作者: Brown-Luthango M