FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX OF MACAQUES

利用解剖标记物追踪体感之间的联系 皮层区域，我们已经确定了两种可能的途径 体感信息可以到达边缘结构，对 体感记忆。一条路线从邮局中心背部开始 穿过后顶叶皮质，可以进入边缘系统 通过扣带回皮质。这条途径可能在功能上类似于 空间视觉的枕顶通路。第二条路线课程 腹侧从中央后带穿过SII和岛叶皮质到 杏仁核，并通过鼻皮质间接到达海马体。我们现在 有强有力的证据表明这第二条途径类似于 客体视觉的枕颞部通路。首先，通过录制单曲- 以及来自半球SII区域的多单元活动 后中央体选定部分的已接收病变 代表，我们已经证明了相应的损失 来自SII的表示，表明至少这部分 腹侧定向的躯体感觉通路被安排为皮质 层级结构。这项研究中的一个意想不到的发现是，在 中枢后损害，SII区经历主要功能 重组，即由原始组织腾出的SII组织 代表权不会保持沉默，而是会被 身体不同部位的表现，为 成年灵长类动物的皮质可塑性程度以前是未知的。 我们的神经行为证据表明，双侧岛叶病变会导致 严重的触觉识别缺陷，与以下建议一致 胰岛素皮质是顶叶-胰岛素-边缘通路中的关键环节 触觉识别，因此占据了类似于区域的位置 枕-颞-缘通路中的TE，用于视觉识别。这些 比较表明，感觉边缘的相互作用通过 分层组织的皮质通路是记忆中常见的机制 在所有感官形式中形成。

By use of anatomical markers to trace the connections etween somatosensory cortical fields, we have identified two possible routes by which somatosensory information could reach limbic structures important for somatosensory memory. One route courses dorsally from the postcentral strip through posterior parietal cortex and has access to the limbic system via cingulate cortex. This pathway may be functionally analogous to the occipitoparietal pathway for spatial vision. The second route courses ventrally from the postcentral strip through SII and insular cortex to the amygdala and indirectly to the hippocampus through rhinal cortex. We now have strong evidence that this second pathway is analogous to the occipitotemporal pathway for object vision. First, by recording single- and multi-unit activity from the SII region in hemispheres that had received lesions of selected portions of the postcentral body representation, we have demonstrated loss of the corresponding representation from SII, indicating that at least this part of the ventrally directed somatosensory pathway is arranged as a cortical hierarchy. An unexpected finding in this study was that, following a postcentral lesion, the SII region undergoes major functional reorganization, in that the SII tissue vacated by the original representation does not remain silent but, instead, becomes occupied by representations of different body parts, providing evidence for a previously unrecognized degree of cortical plasticity in adult primates. Our neurobehavioral evidence indicates that bilateral insular lesions cause a severe tactile recognition deficit, consistent with the suggestion that insularcortex is a critical link in a parieto-insulo-limbic pathway for tactile recognition, and so occupies a position analogous to that of area TE in the occipito-temporo-limbic pathway for visual recognition. These comparisons suggest that sensory limbic interactions through a hierarchically organized cortical pathway is a mechanism common to memory formation in all sensory modalities.