Deindustrial Pasts and Present Inequalities: An Oral History of Deindustrialisation and Experiences of Ageing

这个项目将考察当代晚年生活中的不平等与20世纪后期制造业衰落的经历之间的关系。无论是在英国还是在国际上，工业衰退(去工业化)和不平等之间的联系都得到了很好的认识。英国住房、社区和地方政府部(2019年)在其最新的关于英语贫困指数的报告中指出，贫困现象仍然高度集中在“历史上曾有大型重工业、制造业和/或采矿业的地区”。类似的模式在英国的其他地区也很明显(Perchard，2013；Strangleman，2013)，西欧(Clarke，2013；Bracke，2019)和北美(Linkon，2018；High，2018)。在几乎所有工业生产曾经占主导地位、并在20世纪末迅速衰落的地区，这些不平等和贫困的模式都很明显。因此，去工业化是一个历史性事件，但在塑造不平等方面仍是一股普遍的社会力量。剥夺及其对整个生命过程的影响也是研究晚年不平等和劣势的学者和政策制定者迫切关注的问题。社会老年学家，如Fuller-Iglesias(2009)断言，多种不利因素对晚年生活的结果具有累积影响，包括主观幸福感、身心健康、预期寿命、财务安全、生活环境和社会联系。通过评估去工业化的社会经济遗产及其持续影响，我假设去工业化--作为一项历史事件和当代社会力量--在前工业社区内极大地促进了累积的残疾/优势和以后的生活经历。这个项目将利用口述历史访谈来询问老龄化带来的去工业化与晚年生活不平等之间的关系。它连接了社会科学的学术和政策兴趣，参与了口述历史、老龄化研究和去工业化研究，采用了一种新的方法来理解不平等和不利因素在整个生命过程中的积累。从地理上讲，这个项目关注的是英格兰东北部的泰恩和沃尔，那里在造船、煤炭开采和其他主要行业衰落后遭受了广泛的打击(Mah，2010)。这项研究采用了一种创新的方法，利用了正在进行的流行病学纽卡斯尔千户家庭研究(NTFS)，这是一个自1947年开始的出生队列研究。受访者将根据他们的就业和去工业化经验从队列中招募。那些在该队列中没有代表的人(所有成员都是英国白人)被招募来研究晚年生活中不平等的交叉动态以及社会经济破裂对不同社会群体的影响。利用Tyne和Wear作为一个代表性的案例研究，研究框架、方法和成果可以从根本上改变学者和立法者处理贫困前工业区老龄化和晚年生活经历不平等的方式。

This project will examine the relationships between contemporary inequalities in later life and experiences of manufacturing decline in the later 20th century. The links between the decline of industry (deindustrialisation) and inequality are well recognised, both in the UK and internationally. In their latest report on English Indices of Deprivation, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (2019) stated that deprivation remains highly concentrated in 'areas that have historically had large heavy industry manufacturing and/or mining sectors'. A similar pattern is evident in other areas of the UK (Perchard, 2013; Strangleman, 2013), Western Europe (Clarke, 2013; Bracke, 2019) and North America (Linkon, 2018; High, 2018). In almost every locality where industrial production was once dominant and declined rapidly in the later 20th century, these patterns of inequality and deprivation are evident. Deindustrialisation is therefore a historic event, but remains a pervasive social force in shaping inequalities. Deprivation and its impacts across the lifecourse is also an urgent concern for scholars and policy-makers investigating inequalities and disadvantage in later life. Social gerontologists such as Fuller-Iglesias (2009) assert that multiple disadvantages have a 'cumulative effect on outcomes in later life', including in subjective wellbeing, physical and mental health, life expectancy, financial security, living environment, and social connectivityBy assessing the socio-economic legacies of deindustrialisation, and its ongoing influence, I hypothesise that deindustrialisation - as a historical event and a contemporary social force - contributes significantly to accumulative dis/advantage and later life experiences within former industrial communities. This project will utilise oral history interviewing to interrogate the relationships between deindustrialisation on ageing and inequalities in later life. It bridges academic and policy interests from across the social sciences, engaging with oral history, ageing studies, and deindustrialisation studies to adopt a methodologically novel approach to understanding the accumulation of inequality and disadvantage across the lifecourse.Geographically, this project focuses on Tyne and Wear in the North East of England, which suffered extensively following the decline of staple industries of ship building, coal mining and others (Mah, 2010). The research adopts an innovative approach by utilising the ongoing epidemiological Newcastle Thousand Families Study (NTFS), a birth cohort that has run since 1947. Interviewees will be recruited from the cohort based on their experiences of employment and deindustrialisation. Those not represented in that cohort (all members are White British) are recruited to examine the intersectional dynamics of inequalities in later life and the impact of socio-economic rupture on different social groups. Utilising Tyne and Wear as a representative case study, the research framework, methods, and outputs can fundamentally change the way that academics and legislators approach inequalities in ageing and later life experiences in deprived former industrial communities.