Precarious lives: Young migrants, citizenship and activism across Europe

该奖学金的目的首先是巩固我的研究成果，并通过学术和非学术出版物向公众公布，其次是在这项研究的基础上，在欧洲比较的背景下制定一个新的研究项目。这一点很重要，因为我的研究针对的是一个研究不足的移民研究领域，它影响着英国的一大批年轻人。这些出版物将阐述我的论文的以下主要贡献：1)到目前为止，特别是在英国，关于年轻的“无证”移民的深入人种学研究很少(Bloch等人，2014；Bloch和McKay，2016；Sigona和Hughes，2012)。正如Bloch等人所说。辩称“非法移民和非法移民的现象不会消失，因此了解他们的不同经历变得越来越重要”(2014：2)。这项研究有助于深入和细微地了解移民身份在伦敦年轻移民的日常生活中是如何运作的。这项研究的参与者的情况与之前研究的参与者不同，因为他们一生中的大部分时间都生活在英国，年轻时与父母一起移民到这里，而不是作为年轻人或最近移民。2)在交叉方法中突出移民身份，而不是从国家定义的移民类别开始，将这些国家类别问题化，并分析他们如何与其他职位一起为年轻移民创造特定的生活体验和边缘化。基于这项研究，我认为，在年轻人生活的特定时刻，与移民地位占主导地位有关的某些经历惊人地相似。这有助于理解“国家在考虑移民问题时是如何思考自己的”(Sayad，2004：279)，以及国家是如何制造脆弱性的(Anderson，2008)。此外，移民地位的分析视角挑战了主导移民研究的方法论民族主义和群体主义(Gidley，2014；Nowicka和Ryan，2015；Wimmer和Glick Schiller，2002)。3)这项研究表明，将时间和时间性作为移民研究的一个重要因素是重要的。尽管Cwerner在2001年呼吁注意时间和移民这一被忽视的研究领域，但在近20年后，它在很大程度上仍然被忽视(2001；Griffiths，2014)。我的研究表明，时间在很多方面对迁徙经历都很重要，值得进一步研究和推论。4)这项研究通过借鉴“相互关联的社会学”(Bhambra，2014)的后殖民框架和批判种族理论，将当代迁入/迁入“西方”的研究置于其历史和全球背景中，从而促进了一系列关于移民研究的批判性视角的工作。我的论点是，“移民研究”继续处于“以西方为中心”的框架中，避免了当代情况下种族建设中存在的帝国遗产。从历史的角度审视英国当前的移民制度及其边界机制，使我们能够理解殖民主义时期建立的移民制度与当代分层之间的联系。5)我将在自己的研究基础上，在三个不同的欧洲国家比较探索这些动态。这笔研究金将使我能够开展必要的案头研究，为比较研究建立案例研究，并了解不同国家的情况下如何产生不稳定，以及公民身份和移民地位是如何通过移徙活动团体争夺和构建的。

The aims of this Fellowship is first to consolidate my research findings and make them publicly available through both academic and non-academic publications, and second to build on this research to develop a new research project in a European comparative context. This is important as my research addresses an under-researched area of migration studies and it affects a significant group of young people in the UK. The publications will address the following key contributions made by my thesis: 1) There have thus far only been few in-depth ethnographic studies of young "undocumented" migrants, especially in the UK (Bloch et al., 2014; Bloch and McKay, 2016; Sigona and Hughes, 2012). And as Bloch et al. argue '[T]he phenomenon of undocumented migration and undocumented migrants is not going to disappear, making it increasingly important to understand their heterogeneous experiences' (2014: 2). This research contributes an in-depth and nuanced understanding of how immigration status operates in the everyday life of young migrants in London. The circumstances of participants in this study are different to participants in previous studies, in that they have lived most of their lives in the UK, migrating here at a young age with their parents, instead of as young adults or more recently.2) Foregrounding immigration status within an intersectional approach, rather than starting with a state-defined immigration category, problematises these state categories and analyses how they, together with other positions, create a specific lived experience and marginalisation for young migrants. Based on this research, I argue that certain experiences in specific moments of young people's lives pertaining from the dominance of immigration status are surprisingly similar. This contributes to an understanding of how 'the state [...] is thinking about itself when it is thinking about immigration' (Sayad, 2004: 279), and how the state is producing vulnerability (Anderson, 2008). Furthermore, the analytical lens of immigration status challenges methodological nationalism and groupism that has dominated migration studies (Gidley, 2014; Nowicka and Ryan, 2015; Wimmer and Glick Schiller, 2002).3) This study demonstrates the importance of looking at time and temporality as an important factor in migration studies. Although Cwerner called to attention the neglected research area of time and migration in 2001, it remains largely neglected nearly two decades later (2001; Griffiths, 2014). My research shows time is of importance to the experience of migration in many ways, and merits further examination and theorisation. Something that I will develop in this Fellowship, as encouraged by my viva examiners.4) This research contributes to a body of work that engages a critical perspective on migration studies by drawing on the postcolonial framework of 'connected sociologies' (Bhambra, 2014), and critical race theory, to situate the study of contemporary migration in/to "the West" in its historical and global context. My argument is that "migration studies" continues to be situated in a "Western-centric" framing that avoids the legacies of empire present in the racial construction of the contemporary situation. Examining the current immigration system and its bordering mechanisms in the UK through a historical lens, allows us to understand connections between its establishment during colonialism and contemporary stratifications.5) I will build on my own research to explore these dynamics comparatively in three different European countries. This fellowship will allow me to carry out necessary desk research to establish the case studies for the comparative research and understand how precariousness is produced in different country contexts, and how citizenship and immigration status are contested and constructed through migrant activist groups.