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Un(Knowing) Animals: Critical Anthropomorphism in theory, method and practice.

未知的动物：理论、方法和实践中的批判拟人论。

基本信息

批准号：
ES/W007061/1
负责人：
Maisie Tomlinson
金额：
$ 12.67万
依托单位：
Goldsmiths University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW007061%2F1
关键词：
Un Knowing Animals Critical Anthropomorphism

项目摘要

The last decade has seen a flourishing of interest in the minded experiences of other creatures. This is visible in popular documentaries, new forms of dog training, new social movements and new legal and political agendas. How is such knowledge produced, what is its history and philosophy, how is it circulated, and how does it affect our relationship with nonhuman animals: intimately, ontologically and politically? In short, how do we know what we think we know about other animals?Situated in the growing field of the sociology of Human-Animal Relations, (HAR), my PhD thesis argued that animal behaviour expertise is active in the world, enrolling many stakeholders. It is called upon to justify certain practices, it mobilises political movements, changes intimate relationships, produces moral categories and changes consumption habits. It may also be suppressed, denied, and contested. Notably, its experiments enrol real, live nonhuman individuals who contribute to the formation of knowledge.Most professional knowledge about animals is produced under objectivist scientific frameworks. However, this Fellowship will explore the sociological significance of emerging forms of professional, "critically anthropomorphic" expertise. Critical anthropomorphism is an approach which permits qualitative, 'common-sense' interpretations of animals, whilst placing critical checks on those interpretations through certain techniques. This is an increasingly popular methodological idea in sociology (eg Irvine, 2004). However, in a unique contribution to the field, the publications arising from this Fellowship will explore the theoretical and methodological tensions inherent in critical anthropomorphism's actual practice. This is based on ethnographic investigation of a) an animal welfare methodology called Qualitative Behaviour Assessment, used here with laboratory mice and b) the teaching of horse behaviour in an "equine-assisted personal-development" site.The publications will highlight how empathetic engagment and 'objective' detachment with animals are not opposing approaches, as is often assumed in the literature, but are often co-dependent. They will show how over-identification with animals can colonise their otherness, rather than respect them. They will problematise the discursive framing of horses as continually human-responsive 'prey-animals', and will demonstrate the methodological blind-spots in objectivist science towards the emotional and attentional states of observers. They will spark methodological debate, and disseminate useful new concepts.This academic impact will be complemented by two other objectives, which will foster methodological innovation and public relevance.Firstly, supported by Goldsmiths' Methods Lab, the project will develop and pilot a three-day interdisciplinary workshop in multi-species ethnography, involving observations of human-animal interactions. Using theatre exercises, sensory methods and video work, it will ask to what extent sociologists can know anything about the experiences of nonhuman animals in our research sites; or whether they remain out of reach. It will be interdisciplinary, collaborative, and reflective, combining approaches from an invited zoological expert with artistic and sociological methods; and will ask invited scholars and students to contribute their methodological reflections throughout. Reflections from a debrief will be publicised on my website www.unknowinganimals.com (under edit).Secondly, the Fellowship will develop a short one-act play (15-30 mins), based on fieldwork vignettes, on the subject of "anthropomorphism". Produced through the Critical Ecologies research stream at Goldsmiths, this will engage members of the public in my research questions in an accessible way; and draw links between human-animal intimacies and wider social and political questions. A Goldsmiths arts student will help develop two simple animal puppets, and it will be filmed.

在过去的十年里，人们对其他生物的心智体验产生了浓厚的兴趣。这在流行的纪录片、新形式的训狗、新的社会运动以及新的法律的和政治议程中都是可见的。这种知识是如何产生的，它的历史和哲学是什么，它是如何传播的，它如何影响我们与非人类动物的关系：亲密的，本体的和政治的？简而言之，我们如何知道我们认为我们对其他动物的了解？我的博士论文位于人类与动物关系社会学（HAR）的不断发展的领域，认为动物行为专业知识在世界上很活跃，吸引了许多利益相关者。它被要求为某些做法辩护，它动员政治运动，改变亲密关系，产生道德类别并改变消费习惯。它也可能被压制、否认和质疑。值得注意的是，它的实验招募了真实的，活的非人类个体，他们对知识的形成做出了贡献。然而，该奖学金将探讨新兴形式的专业，“批判性拟人化”的专业知识的社会学意义。批判拟人化是一种允许对动物进行定性的、“常识性”的解释的方法，同时通过某些技术对这些解释进行批判性检查。这是社会学中越来越流行的方法论思想（例如Irvine，2004）。然而，在对该领域的独特贡献中，该奖学金所产生的出版物将探索批判拟人化的实际实践中固有的理论和方法论紧张局势。这是基于民族志调查a）动物福利的方法称为定性行为评估，这里使用的实验室小鼠和B）在“马辅助个人发展”网站的马的行为教学。出版物将强调如何移情的尊重和“客观”的超然与动物不是对立的方法，因为在文献中经常假设，但往往是相互依赖的。他们将展示对动物的过度认同如何殖民他们的差异性，而不是尊重他们。他们将质疑的话语框架的马作为不断的人类反应的“猎物动物”，并将展示在客观主义科学的方法盲点对观察者的情绪和注意力状态。除了学术影响外，该项目还将实现两个目标，即促进方法创新和公众相关性。首先，在Goldsmiths' Methods Lab的支持下，该项目将开发和试点一个为期三天的多物种人种学跨学科研讨会，包括观察人类与动物的相互作用。通过戏剧练习、感官方法和录像工作，它将询问社会学家在多大程度上可以了解我们研究地点的非人类动物的经历;或者它们是否仍然遥不可及。它将是跨学科的，合作的和反思的，从艺术和社会学方法的邀请动物学专家相结合的方法;并将要求受邀学者和学生贡献他们的方法论思考在整个。汇报的反思将在我的网站www.unknowinganimals.com上公布（正在编辑中）。其次，奖学金将根据实地考察的小插曲，以“拟人化”为主题，制作一部简短的独幕剧（15-30分钟）。通过在金史密斯的批判生态学研究流产生，这将使公众参与我的研究问题在一个可访问的方式;并绘制人与动物的亲密关系和更广泛的社会和政治问题之间的联系。一个金史密斯艺术系的学生将帮助开发两个简单的动物木偶，它将被拍摄。